Research Article
Digital Economy’s Spatial Implications on Urban Innovation and Its Threshold: Evidence from China
Table 3
Results of spatial econometric analysis for impact of the digital economy on urban economy.
| Variable | OLS | SAR | SEM | SDM | RE | Individual-FE | Year-FE | Individual-year-FE | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
| DE | 1.691∗∗∗ | 0.564∗∗∗ | 1.157∗∗∗ | 1.102∗∗∗ | 0.961∗∗∗ | 1.414∗∗∗ | 0.961∗∗∗ | (8.37) | (3.46) | (6.52) | (6.21) | (5.47) | (6.75) | (5.19) |
| lnED | 0.118∗∗∗ | 0.056∗∗ | 0.115∗∗∗ | 0.157∗∗∗ | 0.114∗∗∗ | 0.130∗∗∗ | 0.114∗∗∗ | (3.78) | (1.99) | (3.41) | (4.86) | (3.35) | (3.92) | (3.18) |
| lnPS | 0.111 | −0.191∗∗ | −0.177∗∗ | 0.096∗∗∗ | −0.119 | 0.050∗∗ | −0.119 | (1.26) | (−2.37) | (−2.19) | (3.48) | (−1.51) | (2.23) | (−1.43) |
| lnFII | 0.002 | −0.013 | −0.016 | −0.018∗ | −0.008 | −0.046∗∗∗ | −0.008 | (0.15) | (−1.39) | (−1.64) | (−1.82) | (−0.89) | (−3.43) | (−0.84) |
| lnIL | −0.002 | 0.010 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.014 | 0.059∗∗∗ | 0.014 | (−0.12) | (0.89) | (1.15) | (1.62) | (1.28) | (4.74) | (1.22) |
| lnWL | 0.365∗∗∗ | 0.137∗∗∗ | 0.466∗∗∗ | 0.355∗∗∗ | 0.408∗∗∗ | 0.101∗ | 0.408∗∗∗ | (6.73) | (3.43) | (10.33) | (7.08) | (8.16) | (1.90) | (7.74) |
| lnRC | 0.251∗∗ | 0.260∗∗∗ | 0.199∗∗ | 0.149∗ | 0.208∗∗ | 0.320∗∗∗ | 0.208∗∗ | (2.42) | (2.75) | (2.10) | (1.86) | (2.31) | (5.54) | (2.19) |
| UL | 0.005∗∗∗ | 0.004∗∗ | 0.007∗∗∗ | 0.007∗∗∗ | 0.006∗∗∗ | 0.005∗∗∗ | 0.006∗∗∗ | (3.00) | (2.30) | (4.21) | (5.94) | (3.61) | (6.55) | (3.43) |
| lnFD | 0.150∗∗∗ | 0.107∗∗∗ | 0.229∗∗∗ | 0.316∗∗∗ | 0.205∗∗∗ | 0.392∗∗∗ | 0.205∗∗∗ | (3.68) | (3.07) | (6.15) | (10.11) | (5.73) | (14.73) | (5.44) |
| lnFOI | 0.022∗ | 0.026∗∗ | 0.012 | 0.034∗∗∗ | 0.015 | 0.113∗∗∗ | 0.015 | (1.78) | (2.33) | (1.03) | (2.97) | (1.31) | (12.17) | (1.25) |
| Wx_DE | | | | −0.338 | 0.671∗ | 1.928∗∗∗ | 0.671∗ | | | | (−0.95) | (1.87) | (3.73) | (1.78) |
| Wx_lnED | | | | −0.195∗∗∗ | −0.194∗∗∗ | −0.075 | −0.194∗∗∗ | | | | (−2.93) | (−2.85) | (−0.87) | (−2.70) |
| Wx_lnPS | | | | 0.030 | 1.257∗∗∗ | −0.088 | 1.257∗∗∗ | | | | (0.47) | (5.74) | (−1.60) | (5.45) |
| Wx_lnFII | | | | 0.046∗∗ | 0.045∗∗ | −0.025 | 0.045∗∗ | | | | (2.27) | (2.19) | (−0.80) | (2.08) |
| Wx_lnIL | | | | −0.064∗∗ | −0.058∗ | −0.016 | −0.058∗ | | | | (−2.13) | (−1.88) | (−0.46) | (−1.78) |
| Wx_lnWL | | | | −0.366∗∗∗ | −0.303∗∗∗ | 0.676∗∗∗ | −0.303∗∗∗ | | | | (−4.03) | (−3.07) | (5.13) | (−2.91) |
| Wx_lnRC | | | | −0.019 | 0.804∗∗∗ | 0.281∗∗ | 0.804∗∗∗ | | | | (−0.10) | (2.90) | (2.20) | (2.75) |
| Wx_UL | | | | −0.002 | −0.006∗ | −0.001 | −0.006 | | | | (−0.86) | (−1.69) | (−0.31) | (−1.60) |
| Wx_lnFD | | | | −0.221∗∗∗ | −0.408∗∗∗ | −0.382∗∗∗ | −0.408∗∗∗ | | | | (−3.23) | (−4.85) | (−6.00) | (−4.60) |
| Wx_lnFOI | | | | 0.008 | 0.029 | −0.096∗∗∗ | 0.029 | | | | (0.33) | (1.07) | (−4.32) | (1.01) |
| Rho/lambda | | 0.640∗∗∗ | 0.743∗∗∗ | 0.748∗∗∗ | 0.696∗∗∗ | 0.695∗∗∗ | 0.696∗∗∗ | | (26.87) | (30.77) | (34.34) | (29.14) | (30.07) | (27.64) |
| Individual-FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Year-FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Adj. R-sq | 0.7090 | 0.6858 | 0.6904 | 0.6902 | 0.7102 | 0.6837 | 0.7102 | N | 3370 | 3033 | 3033 | 3370 | 3370 | 3370 | 3033 |
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Note. ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ represent the significance level at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. The numbers in brackets are the test values t.
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