Research Article
Digital Economy’s Spatial Implications on Urban Innovation and Its Threshold: Evidence from China
Table 5
Results of decomposition of the spatial effects of digital economy on urban innovation.
| | Variable | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | | Coefficient value | t-statistic | Coefficient value | t-statistic | Coefficient value | t-statistic |
| | DE | 1.095∗∗∗ | (5.90) | 4.368∗∗∗ | (3.53) | 5.463∗∗∗ | (4.30) | | lnED | 0.099∗∗∗ | (3.30) | −0.372∗ | (−1.78) | −0.273 | (−1.28) | | lnPS | −0.002 | (−0.02) | 3.734∗∗∗ | (4.91) | 3.732∗∗∗ | (4.69) | | lnFII | −0.003 | (−0.28) | 0.140∗∗ | (2.10) | 0.137∗ | (1.95) | | lnIL | 0.007 | (0.51) | −0.160 | (−1.45) | −0.153 | (−1.31) | | lnWL | 0.409∗∗∗ | (8.34) | −0.056 | (−0.19) | 0.353 | (1.19) | | lnRC | 0.305∗∗∗ | (3.08) | 3.145∗∗∗ | (3.40) | 3.449∗∗∗ | (3.61) | | UL | 0.005∗∗∗ | (3.42) | −0.005 | (−0.44) | 0.001 | (0.07) | | lnFD | 0.178∗∗∗ | (5.12) | −0.899∗∗∗ | (−3.37) | −0.721∗∗∗ | (−2.63) | | lnFOI | 0.019 | (1.51) | 0.129 | (1.36) | 0.148 | (1.54) |
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Note. ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ represent the significance level at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. The numbers in brackets are the test values t.
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