Research Article

Digital Economy’s Spatial Implications on Urban Innovation and Its Threshold: Evidence from China

Table 7

Results of the robustness tests for impact of the digital economy on urban innovation.

VariableReplace the explained variableReplace the explanatory variableReplacing the spatial weight matrixAdjusted sample period
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)

DE0.259∗∗1.147∗∗∗1.047∗∗∗0.192∗∗∗1.029∗∗∗1.013∗∗∗0.578∗∗1.392∗∗∗
(2.38)(5.51)(4.39)(5.19)(5.55)(5.48)(2.19)(4.56)

Wx_DE0.846∗∗∗1.354∗∗∗0.5770.137∗0.563∗0.593∗0.923∗0.562
(4.15)(3.20)(1.26)(1.81)(1.83)(1.83)(1.69)(0.91)

Rho0.772∗∗∗0.661∗∗∗0.711∗∗∗0.695∗∗∗0.577∗∗∗0.620∗∗∗0.695∗∗∗0.688∗∗∗
(26.51)(24.70)(27.49)(27.58)(30.65)(31.72)(17.83)(18.04)

DE-direct effect0.390∗∗∗1.340∗∗∗1.187∗∗∗0.220∗∗∗1.169∗∗∗1.155∗∗∗0.712∗∗∗1.543∗∗∗
(3.46)(6.43)(4.90)(5.91)(6.43)(6.34)(2.69)(5.05)

DE-indirect effect4.605∗∗∗6.164∗∗∗4.567∗∗∗0.880∗∗∗2.641∗∗∗3.130∗∗∗4.368∗∗4.882∗∗
(4.70)(4.87)(2.82)(3.57)(3.97)(3.98)(2.36)(2.51)

DE-total effect4.995∗∗∗7.504∗∗∗5.754∗∗∗1.099∗∗∗3.811∗∗∗4.285∗∗∗5.081∗∗∗6.425∗∗∗
(4.92)(5.78)(3.43)(4.34)(5.57)(5.33)(2.68)(3.23)

Control variableYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Individual-FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Year-FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Adj. R-sq0.70460.76740.66970.71050.71570.71570.70120.7373
N16853033269630333033303313481348

Note. ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ represent the significance level at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. The numbers in brackets are the test values t.