Evolution of an Urban Network in the Yellow River Basin Based on Producer Services

Table 2

QAP analysis results of the evolution of urban network structure in the Yellow River Basin.

Variable group	Variable	Network formation stage		Hierarchical network formation stage		Network form consolidation period
		Related analysis	Regression analysis	Related analysis	Regression analysis	Related analysis	Regression analysis
Proximity mechanism	System proximity	0.186^∗∗∗	0.027^∗	0.083^∗∗∗	0.032^∗∗	0.137^∗∗∗	0.053^∗∗∗
	Geographical proximity	−0.195^∗∗∗	−0.253^∗∗	−0.059^∗∗∗	−0.176^∗	−0.106^∗∗∗	−0.065^∗∗∗
	Cultural proximity	0.057^∗∗∗	0.068^∗∗	0.074^∗∗	0.053^∗∗	0036^∗∗∗	0.050^∗∗∗
	Industry proximity	0.859^∗∗∗	0.032^∗∗	0.153^∗∗	0.095^∗∗∗	0.217^∗∗∗	0.062^∗∗
Socio-economic development	Economic scale	0.118^∗∗∗	0.109^∗∗∗	0.017^∗∗	0.083^∗∗∗	0.023^∗∗∗	0.136^∗∗∗
	Population size	0.291^∗∗∗	0.057^∗∗∗	0.156^∗∗∗	0.085^∗∗∗	0.142^∗∗	0.181^∗∗∗
Science and technology	Knowledge capital	0.075^∗∗	0.109^∗∗	0.108^∗∗	0.168^∗	0.095^∗∗∗	0.049^∗∗
	Human resource distribution	0.094^∗∗	0.072^∗∗∗	0.155^∗∗	0.129^∗∗	0.106^∗∗∗	0.083
Communicating technological progress	Progress in transportation technology	0.075^∗∗∗	0.127^∗∗∗	0.130^∗∗∗	0.019^∗∗∗	0.083^∗∗∗	0.228^∗∗∗
	Communication technology progress	0.263^∗∗	0.159^∗∗∗	0.020^∗	0.144^∗∗	0.152^∗∗∗	0.094^∗
Degree of openness	Foreign trade dependence	0.165^∗∗	0.052	0.065^∗	0.148^∗	0.179^∗∗	0.157^∗∗
	Foreign capital dependence	0.152^∗∗	0.049	0.084^∗∗	0.024^∗∗	0.218^∗∗∗	0.039^∗
	Sample size	65	65	65	65	64	64
	R^2	—	0.60	—	0.58	—	0.52

Note: ^∗∗∗, ^∗∗, and ^∗ are significant at the statistical levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.