Crude Oil Spot Price Forecasting Using Ivanov-Based LASSO Vector Autoregression

Table 4

Average MAE across all spots for different I-LV structures.

Time horizon	1	2	3	4	5
VAR	0.3498	1.6796	3.2479	9.0191	30.371
I-sLV	0.2762	1.1943	1.2604	1.2977	1.2608
I-lLV	0.3858	1.2222	1.3142	1.3689	1.3555
I-lsLV	0.2674	1.1896	1.2583	1.2961	1.2599
I-ooLV	0.2718	1.1936	1.2607	1.2979	1.2606
I-cLV	0.2548	1.1872	1.2460	1.2765	1.2346

Notes: lowest values are highlighted in bold.