Dynamic Measurement Analysis of Urban Innovation Ability and Ecological Efficiency in China

Table 1

Urban innovation level and ecological efficiency index system.

Evaluation object	Primary indicators	Secondary indicators	Tertiary indicators	Effect
Urbanization innovation ability	Input indicators	Capital input	Internal expenditure of research and experimental development (R&D) funds (10,000 yuan).	Positive (+)
			R&D input intensity	Positive (+)
		Human input	Full-time equivalent of research and experimental development (R&D) personnel (man-years)	Positive (+)
	Output indicators	Scientific research output	Patent acceptance letter	Positive (+)
		Technology transformation	Market technology export area (contract amount) (10,000 yuan)	Positive (+)
		Economic output	Gross regional product	Positive (+)
Ecological efficiency	Input indicators	Environmental input	Wastewater discharge	Negative(-)
			General industrial waste discharge (10,000 tons)	Negative (−)
			Emission of sulfur dioxide (10,000 tons)	Negative (−)
		Capital input	Capital stock	Positive (+)
		Human input	Urban employed persons	Positive (+)
		Resource input	Energy consumption	Negative (−)
	Output indicators	Capital output	Comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste	Positive (+)
		Energy output	Carbon dioxide emission	Negative (−)