Application of Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving Complex Large-Scale Power System Restoration Problem Using PDFF Controllers

Table 1

Optimized PI controller gains for the power system under investigation.

2-area system	Gain of PI controller in area-1		Gain of PI controller in area-2		Demand in pu.MW				Uncontracted demand pu.MW
	K P	K I	K P	K I	DisCo1	DisCo2	DisCo3	DisCo4	Area-1	Area-2
Setting 1	0.314	0.419	0.263	0.354	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Setting 2	0.333	0.448	0.278	0.367	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.00
Setting 3	0.364	0.437	0.294	0.344	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04
Setting 4	0.385	0.493	0.298	0.373	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.04
Setting 5	0.319	0.364	0.284	0.375	0.14	0.04	0.14	0.04	0.00	0.00
Setting 6	0.334	0.373	0.392	0.376	0.14	0.04	0.14	0.04	0.04	0.00
Setting 7	0.348	0.363	0.393	0.384	0.14	0.04	0.14	0.04	0.00	0.04
Setting 8	0.412	0.383	0.417	0.394	0.14	0.04	0.14	0.04	0.04	0.04
Setting 9	0.345	0.364	0.427	0.393	0.11	0.07	0.11	0.07	0.00	0.00
Setting 10	0.367	0.378	0.431	0.444	0.11	0.07	0.11	0.07	0.04	0.00
Setting 11	0.369	0.418	0.438	0.481	0.11	0.07	0.11	0.07	0.00	0.04
Setting 12	0.388	0.443	0.447	0.490	0.11	0.07	0.11	0.07	0.04	0.04