Application of Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving Complex Large-Scale Power System Restoration Problem Using PDFF Controllers

Table 2

Optimized PDFF controller gains for the power system under investigation.

2-area system	PDFF controller gains of area-1 with KFR = 0.65.		PDFF controller gain of area-2 with KFR = 0.65.		Demand in pu.MW				Demand uncontracted pu.MW
	K P	K I	K P	K I	DisCo1	DisCo2	DisCo3	DisCo4	Area-1	Area-2
Setting 1	0.289	0.408	0.248	0.345	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Setting 2	0.310	0.429	0.263	0.351	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00
Setting 3	0.339	0.425	0.279	0.329	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06
Setting 4	0.359	0.490	0.282	0.357	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.06
Setting 5	0.307	0.352	0.263	0.355	0.14	0.06	0.14	0.06	0.00	0.00
Setting 6	0.313	0.359	0.381	0.352	0.14	0.06	0.14	0.06	0.06	0.00
Setting 7	0.328	0.351	0.375	0.369	0.14	0.06	0.14	0.06	0.00	0.06
Setting 8	0.399	0.369	0.395	0.371	0.14	0.06	0.14	0.06	0.06	0.06
Setting 9	0.328	0.361	0.381	0.375	0.13	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.00	0.00
Setting 10	0.349	0.372	0.396	0.427	0.13	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.06	0.00
Setting 11	0.357	0.393	0.391	0.471	0.13	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.00	0.06
Setting 12	0.363	0.419	0.409	0.475	0.13	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.06	0.06