Deep Echo State Network with Variable Memory Pattern for Solar Irradiance Prediction

Table 4

Statistical results comparison of different prediction models for Seeley and Blythe NE stations.

Seeley					Blythe NE
Evaluation period	Model	RMSE	nRMSE	MAE	MAPE	RMSE	nRMSE	MAE	MAPE
I	ESN	167.595	0.1384	123.126	0.1495	154.064	0.1460	110.396	0.1904
	DESN	158.339	0.1307	116.498	0.1373	136.354	0.1292	97.528	0.1631
	VMP-ESN	149.746	0.1236	97.804	0.1229	127.295	0.1206	87.527	0.1506
	VMP1-DESN	145.011	0.1197	99.792	0.1209	123.427	0.1170	87.351	0.1479
	VMP2-DESN	148.265	0.1224	98.790	0.1195	117.998	0.1118	82.129	0.1409
	VMP3-DESN	142.745	0.1179	96.283	0.1189	120.941	0.1146	84.456	0.1454
II	ESN	109.756	0.0696	80.639	0.0662	128.531	0.0856	90.449	0.0869
	DESN	84.499	0.0536	61.642	0.0495	90.723	0.0604	59.659	0.0582
	VMP-ESN	72.403	0.0459	48.903	0.0389	65.009	0.0433	43.961	0.0401
	VMP1-DESN	67.390	0.0427	46.639	0.0360	60.566	0.0403	41.645	0.0363
	VMP2-DESN	65.608	0.0416	44.645	0.0342	55.107	0.0367	33.162	0.0296
	VMP3-DESN	65.952	0.0418	44.736	0.0342	58.438	0.0389	40.099	0.0346
III	ESN	185.986	0.1517	126.347	0.1913	194.415	0.1713	127.720	0.4790
	DESN	168.241	0.1372	104.368	0.1707	172.362	0.1519	99.462	0.4144
	VMP-ESN	160.927	0.1313	107.736	0.1597	163.245	0.1438	96.228	0.3936
	VMP1-DESN	161.722	0.1319	104.934	0.1549	157.274	0.1386	90.041	0.3935
	VMP2-DESN	158.641	0.1294	99.464	0.1531	154.356	0.1360	87.808	0.3664
	VMP3-DESN	160.226	0.1307	99.302	0.1582	155.123	0.1367	88.044	0.3878
IV	ESN	233.259	0.3791	177.588	0.6571	119.322	0.1871	89.370	0.7635
	DESN	178.297	0.2897	132.655	0.4350	99.633	0.1562	69.862	0.4839
	VMP-ESN	165.194	0.2685	114.809	0.3371	108.399	0.1699	71.808	0.3168
	VMP1-DESN	154.903	0.2517	109.331	0.3229	100.391	0.1574	68.039	0.3304
	VMP2-DESN	152.537	0.2479	108.142	0.3285	95.838	0.1502	64.519	0.2994
	VMP3-DESN	154.311	0.2508	109.010	0.3193	99.679	0.1563	67.264	0.3258