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| References | Year | Models | Autapse types | Descriptions |
|
| [1] | 2022 | Wilson | Memristive autapse | (i) Different dynamics such as quiescent, bursting, and spiking can be observed |
| (ii) The model represents the coexistence of two and three firing patterns for the same set of parameters |
| (iii) A strong autaptic coupling can lead to chaotic and chimera states |
|
| [2] | 2022 | FitzHugh–Nagumo | Electrical autapse with time-dependent intensity | (i) The reliability of logical operation has been examined and shown that it is maximized in specific ranges of autaptic time delay and also amplitude and frequency of coupling intensity |
|
| [6] | 2022 | 5D Hindmarsh–Rose | Memristive autapse | (i) The positive feedback autaptic current results in decreased firing frequency, while the negative one induces excitability |
|
| [4] | 2022 | Izhikevich | Electrical autapse | (i) The Izhikevich model exhibits more complex spiking and bursting patterns as the effect of the autapse and electromagnetic induction |
|
| [5] | 2023 | Modified Morris–Lecar | Chemical autapse | (i) Bifurcation analysis is done and the paradoxical response of the bursting is observed |
| (ii) The mechanism of the reduced bursting activity under excitatory autapse is revealed |
|
| [3] | 2023 | Morris–Lecar | Memristive autapse | (i) The dynamics of the neuron can change between periodic and chaotic firings by the memristive autapse |
| (ii) Increasing the autapse time delay can extend the chaotic regions |
| (iii) Multistability can be observed |
|
| [7] | 2023 | | Chemical autapse | (i) The inhibitory autapse with a fast decay time constant induces bursting activities enhancement, while a slow decay time constant leads to a reduction of activities |
| (ii) The bifurcation analysis is done to find the mechanism of the paradoxical responses |
|
| Present study | Rulkov model | Electrical and chemical autapse | (i) The model represents a rich bifurcation diagram with a variety of firing patterns by varying the autapse parameters |
| (ii) The enhanced firing activity is induced by the inhibitory autapse |
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