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Author, year | Number of cases | Patient age (s) | Type of surgery | Anesthetic technique | Adverse events |
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Bo et al. [17], 2021 | 1 | 1.5 | Orchiopexy | General anesthesia: induction with fentanyl, rocuronium, and thiopental. Maintenance with sevoflurane | None |
Yuasa et al. [5], 2020 | 1 | 37 | Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy | General anesthesia: induction with midazolam, remifentanil, and thiamylal. Maintenance with desflurane, remifentanil | None |
Hess et al. [13], 2018 | 1 | 3 | Adenotonsillectomy | General anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway: induction and maintenance with sevoflurane | None |
Welsink-Karssies et al. [14], 2016 | 1 | 24 | Neck cyst removal | General anesthesia: induction with remifentanil, rocuronium, and thiopental. Maintenance with remifentanil and sevoflurane | None |
Iwata et al. [18], 2012 | 1 | 28 | Hysteroscopic myomectomy | General anesthesia: induction with remifentanil, rocuronium, and thiopental. Maintenance with remifentanil and sevoflurane | Slight elevation of lactate intraoperatively, elevated CK on postoperative day 2 |
Vellekoop et al. [12], 2011 | 2 | 8 months, 11 years | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, placement of intravenous access device (PAC) | Case 1: general anesthesia: induction and maintenance with sevoflurane. Case 2: general anesthesia: induction with fentanyl and propofol. Maintenance with sevoflurane | Case 1: rhabdomyolysis with maximum CK of 163,610U/L and myoglobinuria. Case 2: none |
Schmidt et al. [19], 2009 | 1 | 8 months | Diagnostic muscle biopsy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement | Total intravenous anesthesia: induction with mivacurium, remifentanil, and thiopentone. Maintenance with midazolam and remifentanil | None |
Steiner et al. [20], 2002 | 1 | 9 | Circumcision | General anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway: induction with midazolam and thiopental. Maintenance with alfentanil and midazolam | Delayed awakening (3 hours postoperatively) |
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