Surgical Treatment of Chronic Giant Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm

Figure 4

Intraoperative view. (a) Severe thickening of the pericardium with adherence of its layers (blue arrows), as commonly seen in constrictive pericarditis. (b–d) Rupture of the left ventricle (green circles) communicating the chamber and the pericardial sac.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)