Pneumomediastinum after Third Molar Extraction: Case Report, Physiopathology, and Literature Review

Table 4

Causes of subcutaneous emphysema.

Latrogenic	Traumatic	Infectious	Spontaneous
Intubation	Perforating wounds	Necrotizing fasciitis	Alveolar rupture (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary emphysema)
Mechanical ventilation	Esophageal perforation (repeated vomiting)		Pneumothorax
Bronchoscopy	Pharynx/larynx/trachea injury		Postpartum healing
Tracheostomy	Barotrauma
Head and/or neck surgery	Facial fractures
Prolonged surgery
Use of a continuous positive airway pressure machine
Use of a peak flow meter