Anticytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Induced Autoimmune Hypophysitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Table 4

Cases of anti-CTLA4 induced hypophysitis reported in the literature.

Authors, year	Type of study		Comments
Min et al., 2014 [11]	Retrospective cohort	25	Evaluated time to onset, frequency of resolution, and the effect of high-dose corticosteroids on clinical outcome
Albarel et al., 2015 [12]	Retrospective (observational)	15	Characterized hypophysitis in terms of clinical signs, hormonal profile, and imaging at time of diagnosis and during long-term follow-up
Chodakiewitz et al., 2014 [13]	Case series	3	Descriptive
Nallapaneni et al., 2014 [14]	Case report	1	Describes a patient who developed uveitis and hypophysitis with anterior and posterior pituitary involvement without MRI findings
Faje et al., 2014 [15]	Retrospective review	17	Descriptive
Ryder et al., 2014 [16]	Retrospective	19	Descriptive
Marlier et al., 2014 [17]	Case series	4	Descriptive
Anderson and Bhatia, 2013 [18]	Case report	1	Descriptive
Lammert et al., 2013 [7]	Case series	7	Discusses screening and management of hypophysitis in patients with metastatic cancer
Corsello et al., 2013 [3]	Literature review	N/A	Review of existing literature on endocrine side effects induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Van der Hiel et al., 2013 [9]	Case report	1	Descriptive
Lotem et al., 2012 [19]	Descriptive	N/A	Description of CTLA-4 blockade as immunotherapy for malignant melanoma
Andrews and Holden, 2012 [4]	Descriptive	N/A	Describes characteristics and management of immune related adverse effects related to ipilimumab
Thomsen 2012 [20]	Case series	2	Descriptive
Weber et al., 2012 [5]	Descriptive	N/A	Describes management of immune-related adverse events and kinetics of response with ipilimumab
Juszczak et al., 2012 [21]	Case report and review	1	Descriptive
Torino et al., 2012 [22]	Descriptive	N/A	Describes CTLA-4 induced hypophysitis as a new cause of a previously rare disease
Bronstein et al., 2011 [23]	Case series	2	Describes radiologic manifestations of immune-related adverse events in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy
Barnard et al., 2012 [10]	Case report	1	Hypophysitis presenting with hyponatremia
Kähler and Hauschild, 2011 [1]	Descriptive	N/A	Reviews mechanisms of action with update on clinical trials and recommendations for managing side effects of anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy
Boasberg et al., 2010 [24]	Descriptive	N/A	Describes mechanism of action, immune response criteria, and side effect profile of anti-CTLA-4 agents
Dillard et al., 2010 [6]	Case series	2	Patients with prostate cancer who develop hypopituitarism during treatment with ipilimumab
Kaehler et al., 2009 [25]	Case report	1	Descriptive
Carpenter et al., 2009 [8]	Case series	3	MRI findings in 3 patients with ipilimumab induced hypophysitis
Yang et al., 2007 [26]	Case series	2	2 patients with metastatic renal cell cancer and ipilimumab associated hypophysitis