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Authors/year | Age (years) | Gender | Presenting symptoms | Initial working diagnosis | Investigations, management, and outcome |
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Leiba et al. /2003 [18] | 20 | Male | Generalized seizures and coma | Focal seizures with secondary generalisation | Catecholamines and imaging confirmed the diagnosis of PCC. Had surgery with the resolution of seizures (1-year follow-up) |
Wall et al. /2009 [19] | 8 | Female | Slow-growing cervical mass and progressive epilepsy | Grand mal epilepsy | Surgical resection of mass with histology confirming paraganglioma. Normal urine catecholamine levels. Resolution of epilepsy (13-year follow-up) |
Chartan et al. /2011 [20] | 4 | Male | Headaches and status epilepticus | Not stated | Catecholamines and imaging confirmed diagnosis of PCC, had surgery, and was discharged. No complications or recurrent hypertension |
Anderson et al. /2012 [5] | 15 | Female | Severe headache, vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, and a tonic-clonic seizure | Not stated | Brain imaging showed haemorrhage, plasma noradrenaline was high, and MRI revealed a right adrenal PCC. Symptoms resolved and blood pressure normalised after resection of the tumour |
Jung et al. /2012 [21] | 15 | Male | Hypertension, cyclic headache, and vomiting for 10 years. Seizure 6 weeks before the surgery | Not stated | Subcortical intracranial haemorrhage in the left frontal area. CT showed 2 masses in the left adrenal gland. Spent 1 day in ICU and discharged 10 days postsurgery with no noticeable complications and events |
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