Vaccine-Associated Disease Enhancement (VADE): Considerations in Postvaccination COVID-19

Figure 4

In VADE, the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 leads to asymptomatic infection, which is subsequently followed by vaccination and the development of symptoms. Patients then develop a suboptimal level of neutralizing antibody or increased level of nonneutralizing antibody or both. These lead to the development of VADE or ERD, in which immune response and inflammation are enhanced by the vaccine in previously infected individuals through the abovementioned mechanisms. Abs, antibodies.