“Extreme Nephroptosis”: A Kidney in the Inguinal Hernia

Table 1

Clinical features of patients with “extreme nephroptosis.”

	Perone et al. [2]	Wendler et al. [3]	Farrell et al. [4]	Osmani et al. [5]	Cassidy et al. [6]	Hsabo et al. [7]	Own cases
Sex	М	M	M	М	M	M	М
Side	Right	Right	Left	Right	Right	Right	Right
Strangulated inguinal hernia symptoms	+	−	−	−	−	−	+
Wrinkled contralateral kidney	+	−	−	−	−	−	+
Renal insufficiency	+	+	−	−	−	−	+
Ureteral obstruction	+	+	+	+	−	+	+
No intestinal loops in hernia	+	?	+	+	?	?	+
Severe general status	+	+	−	+	+	+	+
Surgical treatment	?	?	Hernia repair, orchiectomy, and nephropexy	Hernia repair	−	−	Percutaneous nephrostomy via the scrotum