Targeting Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: A Role of Online Hemodiafiltration with Asymmetric Cellulose Triacetate in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients—A Report of 10 Cases
Table 1
Patients characteristics, dialysis parameters, and clinical findings at COVID-19 diagnosis.
Characteristics
All patients (n = 10)
Death patients (n = 3)
Survivors (n = 7)
value
Demographics
Age (years)
71.5 [69.0–80.0]
69 [58–82]
72 [70–80]
0.45
Male, n (%)
5 (50)
2 (67)
3 (43)
0.50
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
4 (40)
1 (33.3)
3 (42.9)
0.8
Hypertension, n (%)
10 (100)
3 (100)
7 (100)
1
Initial nephropathy, n (%)
0.35
Diabetic nephropathy
2 (20)
1 (33.3)
1 (14.3)
—
Hypertension
3 (30)
—
3 (42.9)
—
Chronic interstitial nephritis
3 (30)
1 (33.3)
2 (28.6)
—
Vasculitis
1 (10)
1 (33.3)
—
—
Amyloidosis
1 (10)
—
1 (14.3)
—
Dialysis details
Vascular access, n (%)
Tunneled CVCs
6 (60)
2 (66.7)
4 (57.1)
0.79
AVF native
3 (30)
1 (33.3)
2 (28.6)
—
Prosthetic fistula
1 (10)
—
1 (14.3)
—
ESA (UI/week)
12000 [9000–18000]
15000 [9000–15000]
9000 [6000–30000]
0.91
Dialysis time (h)
3.75 [3.5–4.0]
4.0 [3.5–4.0]
3.75 [3.5–4.0]
0.46
Dry weight (kg)
67.3 [0.54–73.5]
68.5 [49–70]
66.0 [54.0–76.0]
0.73
Ultrafiltration volume (ml)
1867 (1587–2145)
1494 [1422–1587]
1984 [1819–2235]
0.02
Blood flow rate (ml/min)
343.9 [322.5–350.3]
344.1 [322.5–346.6]
343.6 [321.6–350.4]
0.91
Dialysis vintage (month)
49.4 [30.7–62.7]
30.7 [12.3–56.2]
56.2 [37.1–91.9]
0.29
Signs and symptoms, n (%)
Fever
6 (60)
3 (100)
3 (42.9)
0.09
Cough
7 (70)
3 (100)
4 (57.1)
0.18
Diarrhea
2 (20)
2 (66.7)
0
0.02
Bilateral pneumonia
4 (40)
3 (100)
1 (14.3)
0.04
Data are shown as median [interquartile range] or percentage (%). AVF: arteriovenous fistula; CVC: central venous catheter; ESA: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. ∗Mann–Whitney U or Chi-square.
