Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Complicated by Kidney Allograft Torsion and Pseudoaneurysms of the Y-Allograft: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Summary table of published cases of kidney allograft torsion.

Case report	Placement of kidney allograft	Transplant type	Timing of torsion	Outcome
Marvin et al. 1995 [5]	Intraperitoneal	Kidney (intraperitoneal adult kidney donor to paediatric recipient)	6 weeks	Transplant nephrectomy
Roza et al. 1998 [6]	Intraperitoneal	2 SPKT^§	11 and 16 months	Transplant nephrectomy
Wong-You-Cheong et al. 1998 [7]	Intraperitoneal	3 SPKT + 2 dual (en bloc) kidney transplants (paediatric donors)	Ranging from 6 to 180 days	2 SPKT + 1 dual kidney transplant had nephropexy; 2 of the 3 were retransplanted; The remaining SPKT + dual kidney transplant patients required nephrectomy
West et al. 1998 [8]	Intraperitoneal	4 SPKT	3 weeks, 5 months, 22 months and 2 years	3 allografts salvaged and nephropexy performed, 1 underwent transplant nephrectomy
Badet et al. 2003 [9]	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	7 months	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Rodrigues et al. 2008 [10]	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	120 days	Transplant nephrectomy
Nangia and Saad 2009 [11]	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	10 years	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Lucewicz et al. 2011 [12]	Intraperitoneal	Living donor kidney transplant	10 weeks	Transplant nephrectomy
Kaynar et al. 2013 [13]	Intraperitoneal	Living donor kidney transplant + simultaneous bilateral nephrectomies (for polycystic kidney disease)	Two years	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Ozmen et al. 2013 [14]	Extraperitoneal	Living donor kidney transplant	4 days	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Winter et al. 2013 [15]	Extraperitoneal	Deceased donor kidney transplant	4 hours	Allograft salvaged, nephropexy not performed
Sosin et al. 2014 [16]	Extraperitoneal	Deceased donor kidney transplant	Day 0	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Sofue et al. 2015 [17]	Intraperitoneal	2 SPKT	1 month and 3months	Allografts salvaged and nephropexies performed
Dewan et al. 2016 [18]	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	2 years	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Serrano et al. 2017 [19]	Intraperitoneal	Simultaneous living donor kidney transplant + deceased donor pancreas transplant	3 years	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Narasimhan et al. 2017 [20]	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	5 weeks	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Torabi et al. 2018 [21]	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	7 months	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed
Tan et al.	Intraperitoneal	SPKT	3 months	Allograft salvaged and nephropexy performed

^§SPKT, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.