Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis Surgery on a Patient with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Table 1

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, further broken down into AQP4-seropositive and seronegative NMOSD, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease epidemiology, characteristic manifestations, and prognosis with risk factors for more severe disease.

	Epidemiology	Clinical findings	Prognosis
NMOSD	1 per 100,000 Caucasians^2; 3.5-4.1 per 100,000 Asians^2; 1.8-10 per 100,000 Blacks^1,2; Onset 30-40 years^1,2; Onset 28-33 years for Blacks^2; Onset 35-40 years for Asians^2; Onset 44 years for Caucasians^2; 3 : 1-9 : 1 female/male^1	LETM^1,2; ON^1,2; Area postrema syndrome^1,2; Diencephalic syndromes^1,2; Cerebral syndromes^1,2; Brainstem syndromes^1,2	Negative impact on quality of life:^2 depression, neuropathic pain, bowel/bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, inability to work, cognitive impairment; Within 5 years untreated:^1 50% blind and wheelchair-bound, 33% will have died; Better recovery:^2 young adults, early treatment (<14 days); Greater recurrence/disability/death:^2 age >60, age <12, Asian, Black, longer length of myelitis lesions, ON at disease onset, increased severity of initial attack; 5 : 1-10 : 1 female/male recurrence^2
AQP4-seropositive NMOSD	1/4 have coexistent autoimmune disease^1,2; Uncommon in children^2	Inflammation of posterior optic nerve segments (optic tracts & chiasm)^1,2; Unilateral/chiasmal ON involving >1/2 optic nerve^2; Myelitis involving >3 vertebral segments in 85%, especially cervical and thoracic cords^1,2	Relapses in 90% involving ON and/or LETM^2; Annual relapse rate 0.77 despite therapy^2; More visual & motor disability^2
Seronegative NMOSD	Rare^2		More disability than MOGAD^2
MOG-seropositive (MOGAD)	Onset mid-30 s^2; 1 : 1 female/male^2; 1.6/million overall^2; 1.3/million adults^2; 3.1/million children^2; More common in children & elderly^1,2; No racial preponderance^2	Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis for age <7^2; ON for age >7^2; Inflammation of anterior optic nerve segments with increased edema^2; Bilateral ON more common^2; Lumbosacral myelitis^2; Myelitis <3 vertebral segments^2	Better visual recovery from ON^1,2; Better motor recovery^2; Relapses in 44-83%^2; Can be monophasic without relapse^1,2; 58% have residual disability^2

Abbreviations: NMOSD: neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder; LETM: longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; ON: optic neuritis; AQP4: aquaporin-4; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MOGAD: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.