Case Report

Combined Acetabulum Fracture and Hip Dislocation in an 18-Year-Old Female at 35-Week Gestation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Hemodynamic changes during pregnancy. Reprinted from [13], with permission from Elsevier.

PhysiologyChange during normal pregnancyNormal range during pregnancy

Systolic blood pressureDecreases by an average of 5-15 mm Hg110-110 mm Hg
Diastolic blood pressureDecreases by 5-15 mm Hg50-70 mm Hg
Mean arterial pressureDecreases by 10 mm Hg80 mm Hg
Central venous pressureSlightly decreases or no change2-7 mm Hg
Heart rateIncreases by 10-15 beats/min75-95 beats/min
System vascular resistanceDecreases by 10%-15%1200-1500 dynes/sec/cm-5
Pulmonary vascular resistanceDecreases by 10%-15%55-110 dynes/sec/cm-5
Cardiac outputIncreases by 30%-50%6-7 L/min at rest; 10 L/min with stress
Cardiac indexIncreases4.0-4.5
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressureDecreases6-9 mm Hg
Oncotic pressureDecreases16-19 mm Hg
Blood volumeIncreases by 30%-50%4500 mL
Red blood cell volumeIncreases by 30%
HematocritDecreases32%-34%
White blood cell countMay increase5000-15000/mm [3]
ElectrocardiogramFlat or inverted T waves in leads III, V1, and V2; Q waves in leads III and aVF