Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Histopathologic Features and Clinical Correlations

Table 1

Selected differential diagnoses of the three histologic patterns of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (after Park [1]).

Histologic patterns	Diseases
Capillaritis
Systemic vasculitides	Behçet’s syndrome
	Cryoglobulinemia
	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
	Henoch- Schönlein purpura
Rheumatic diseases	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Systemic lupus erythematosus
	Antiphospholipid antibodies
Drugs	Hydralazine
	TNF-alpha antagonists
Bland hemorrhage
Connective tissue disease	Goodpasture disease
	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drugs	Anticoagulant therapy
	Platelet glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors
Diffuse alveolar damage
Infection	Infection leading to ARDS (viral, bacterial)
	Opportunistic infections in compromised host
Rheumatic diseases	Polymyositis
	Systemic lupus erythematosus