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| Report | Our case | Hakim [11] | Hakim [11] | Alioglu [12] | Khriesat [13] |
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| Gender (M/F) | F | M | M | M | M |
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| Gestational age | Full-term | Premature/34 weeks gestation | 37 weeks gestation | 38 weeks gestation | 33 weeks |
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| Mode of delivery | NSVD | Cesarean section due to previous C/S and fetal distress | Cesarean section | NSVD | Cesarean section due to fetal distress |
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| Birth weight | 3665-g | 4750-g | 3060-g | 4500-g | 1950-g |
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| Affected limb/artery CTA/doppler US | Left upper limb/left subclavian artery | Right axillary arterial thrombosis extending over 2 cm with no filling of the distal arteries | Right upper limb/Right subclavian artery | Right leg/iliofemoral arterial thrombosis | Right arm/absence of flow in the right brachial and radial arteries |
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| Findings | Swollen, cyanosed left forearm, and hand with skin maceration. Absent spontaneous movements, Moro or grasp reflexes | White then cyanotic right upper limb. With an absent Moro reflex on the right side | The ischemic appearance of the right forearm and right hand was noted with areas of skin necrosis and a delimitation line slightly below the elbow | Pallor and coldness of the right leg and a lack of pulse in the right femoral arterial system were detected. The right leg was 3 cm shorter and 3 cm thinner than the left | Pallor and swelling of the right forearm were noticed with a lack of pulse in the right radial and brachial artery and poor movement of the affected limb |
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| Family history and parental consanguinity | Free family history. None consanguineous marriage | No family history of thromboembolism. Mother diabetic for 7 years | A diabetic mother who had been on insulin for several years. There was no family history of thromboembolism | Free family history. No family history of thromboembolism | Free family history. No family history of thromboembolism |
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| MTHFR 677C-T gene mutation | Heterozygous | Heterozygous | Heterozygous | Heterozygous | Heterozygous |
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| Other gene mutations | Free | Free | Free | Free | Heterozygous for Factor V Leiden gene mutation |
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| Thrombophilia screen | Normal protein C, protein S, antithrombin. Negative antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies | Normal protein C, protein S, antithrombin. Negative antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies | Normal protein C, protein S, antithrombin. Negative antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies | Normal protein C, protein S, antithrombin. Negative antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies | Normal protein C, protein S, antithrombin. Negative antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies |
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| Homocysteine level | Normal (7.9 μmol/l on 14th day of life) | Normal | Normal | Mild homocysteinemia (21 μmol/l) | Mild homocysteinemia (13.6 μmol/l on 4th day of life) |
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| Treatment given | Heparin loading (75 unit\kg) at 4 hours old, then on heparin drip (28 units/kg/hour) adjusted according to aPTT. Shifted to LMWH after 3 days | Streptokinase thrombolysis was initiated at 17 hours of life, followed by heparin therapy (28 IU/kg/h). Stopped because of GI bleeding and given platelets | Unfractionated heparin curative dose. Stopped after 48 hours due to secondary thrombocytopenia justifying platelet transfusions. Started on streptokinase after improvement in the platelet count | Balloon angioplasty was successfully performed for iliofemoral arterial occlusion. Then, IV streptokinase (2000 U/kg/h after a 4000 U/kg loading dose) and unfractionated heparin (20 U/kg per h) were administered for 5 days | Unfractionated heparin (20 U/kg/h) for 11 days. After the acute period, the patient was treated with LMWH 1.5 mg/kg; two doses/day |
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| Need for amputation | Yes, developed wet gangrene | No, discharged on enoxaparin for 3 months | Failure of the medical treatment and the extension of the skin necrosis, a trans-humeral amputation was done | The patient’s perfusion defect improved on day 16 postpartum when he was discharged on LMWH 1.5 mg/kg. Died on postpartum day 28 with an undetermined cause | Right upper limb amputation below the elbow at the age of 20 days. Because the collateral circulation was not established |
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