Case Report
Clinical Diagnosis of an Autoimmune Encephalitis Presented as a Manic Episode with Psychotic Symptoms: A Case Report
Table 2
Main antibodies to surface antigens associated with autoimmune encephalitis.
| | Antibody | Associated syndrome | Tumor frequency | Tumor type |
| | NMDA receptor | Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis [37] | 40% | Teratoma | | AMPA receptor | Limbic encephalitis [38] | 65% | Thymoma, small-cell lung cancer | | GABAa receptor | Encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus [39] | 25% | Thymoma | | GABAb receptor | Limbic encephalitis with predominance of epileptic seizures at onset [40] | 50% | Small-cell lung cancer | | LGI1 | Limbic encephalitis, frequent hyponatremia [41] | 10% | Thymoma | | CASPR2 | Morvan syndrome; limbic encephalitis [42] | Overall, 20%; in syndrome of Morvan, 20-50%. | Thymoma | | DPPX | Encephalitis, hyperecplexia [43] | <10% | Lymphoma | | mGLUR5 | Encephalitis [44] | 55% | Hodgkin’s lymphoma | | Neurexin 3alpha | Encephalitis [45] | 0% | — | | Dopamine D2 receptor | Encephalitis of basal ganglia (dystonia, parkinsonism, chorea, oculogyric crises) [46] | 0% | — | | Glycine receptor | Progressive encephalitis with rigidity and myoclonus, s t i ff- person syndrome, encephalitis [47] | <5% | Thymoma, lung, Hodgkin’s lymphoma | | Aquaporin 4 | Encephalitis [48] | 0% | — | | MOG | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [49] | 0% | — | | GQ1b | Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis [50] | 0% | — | | IgLON5 | Nonrapid eye movement (REM) and REM sleep disorder, brainstem dysfunction [51] | 0% | — |
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NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid; GABAa: γ-aminobutyric acid type A; GABAb: γ-aminobutyric acid type B; LGI1: leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1; CASPR2: contactin-associated protein 2; DPPX: dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6; mGluR: metabotropic glutamate receptor; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; GQ1b: tetrasial ganglioside; IgLON5: immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5.
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