A Case Study of Malrotated Kidneys with Asymmetric Multiple Renal Arteries, Variant Venous Drainage, and Unilateral Ureteral Duplication

Figure 2

Ex situ renal system exhibits anatomical variations from normal pattern. (a) Uncolorized renal system ex situ. (b) Arterial network pseudocolorized in red. rsRA = right superior renal artery, lsRA = left superior renal artery, IMA = inferior mesenteric artery, riRA = right inferior renal artery, lmRA = left middle renal artery, liRA = left inferior renal artery, rCiRA = right common iliac artery, lCiA = left common iliac artery. (c) Venous network pseudocolorized in blue. IVC = inferior vena cava, rsRV = right superior renal vein, lsRV = left superior renal vein, riRV = right inferior renal vein, liRV = left inferior renal vein. (d) Ureters pseudocolorized in yellow with rRP = right renal pelvis, lRP = left renal pelvis, rU = right ureters, lU= left ureter. Pseudocolorization created using Adobe Photoshop. Image scale bar = 2 cm.