|  | Published study/data set | Total number of injuries | Deaths |  
  |  | Combat-related penetrating injuries: |  | Rich et al., 1970 [4] | 50 | NS |  | Fox et al., 2005 [5] | 2 | NS |  | Fox et al., 2006 [6] | 12 | 1/12 (8.3%) |  | Reva et al., 2011 [7] | 46 | 13/46 (28.3%) |  | All combat-related CA injuries | 110 | 14/58 (24.1%) |  | Civilian penetrating injuries: |  | Cohen et al., 1970 [8] | 85 | 13 |  | Bradley et al., 1973 [9] | 24 | 8 |  | Rubio et al., 1974 [10] | 71 | 17 |  | Thal et al., 1974 [11] | 60 | 5 |  | Liekweg et al., 1978 [12] | 18 | 4 |  | Fry et al., 1980 [13] | 54 | 5 |  | Unger et al., 1980 [14] | 464 | 97 |  | Ledgerwood et al., 1980 [15] | 36 | 12 |  | Brown et al., 1982 [16] | 129 | 27 |  | Meyer et al., 1988 [17] | 18 | 3 |  | Richardson et al., 1988 [18] | 33 | 2 |  | Weaver et al., 1988 [19] | 72 | 5 |  | Demetriades et al., 1989 [1] | 124 | 27 |  | Fabian et al., 1990 [20] | 35 | 12 |  | Ramadan et al., 1995 [21] | 55 | 12 |  | Ditmars et al., 1997 [22] | 11 | 0 |  | Mittal et al., 2000 [23] | 16 | 3 |  | Navasaria et al., 2002 [2] | 28 | 2 |  | Du Toit et al., 2003 [24] | 130 | 24 |  | All civilian penetrating injuries | 1463 | 278/1463 (19%) |  
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