Time: 11 months CT–preocclusive thrombosis of the distal portion of the stent
Abdominal pain and paraparesis over his lower extremities
Anticoagulation and antihypertensive therapy. Right polytetrafluorethylene axillofemoral bypass graft. Open surgical repair with a 20 mm Dacron graft from the ascending aorta to the supraceliac abdominal aorta with removal of the right axillofemoral graft
High-speed MVC Posttraumatic 2.5 cm pseudoaneurysm of the aortic isthmus on the lesser curve of the proximal descending thoracic aorta 12 mm distal of the left subclavian artery
Relay Thoracic stent graft (Bolton Medical Inc.) ASA 100 mg/day
Time: 24 months CT–intragraft atherothrombosis involving the middle and distal third of the aortic stent graft
Asymptomatic and placed on warfarin. Interval progression of size of mural atherothrombosis evolving into multiple intraluminal septa within the aortic stent graft
Failed anticoagulation and converted to open repair with explantation of the aortic stent and reconstruction with a 18 mm Dacron graft
Endograft Medtronic Valiant Captivia stent graft VAMF 28 28 C 150 TE ASA 100 mg/day exchanged for warfarin with finding of thrombus
Time: 6 months CT #1 (6 months)—thrombus apposition occupying one third of the graft lumen CT #2 (24 months)—intraluminal thrombus occupied two-thirds of the graft diameter
Asymptomatic. Found on follow-up CT scan
Patient declined open surgery. Redeployment of a conical shape endograft (Medtronic Valiant Captivia stent graft)
Procedure complicated by bilateral distal microembolic lesions at the lower limbs. Treated with low molecular weight heparin infusion. Patient discharged and well at 6 months
High-speed MVC Aortic rupture of the proximal descending thoracic aorta
Two overlapping ilac limb devices (Medtronic Endurant proximally and Medtronic AneuRx distally) ASA 100 mg/day followed with warfarin for Factor V Leiden
Time: 12 months CT #1 (12 months)—nonocclusive intraluminal thrombus in the distal portion of the endovascular stent graft Time: 24 months CT #2 (24 months)—occlusive thrombus within the distal portion of the stent graft
Scheduled follow-up—asymptomatic with nonocclusive thrombus. Diagnosed with Factor V Leiden and placed on warfarin. Prior ASA 24 months—discontinued anticoagulation and developed claudication
Factor V leiden. Placed on oral anticoagulation. Discontinued by primary care doctor for patient to play competitive sports. Heparin for five days and open repair via a left thoracotomy with explantation of the endovascular stent graft. 20 mm Dacron graft from the distal aortic arch to the mid descending aorta
Pedestrian vs. MVC Grade 3 blunt injury of the descending thoracic aorta and an intra-aortic thrombus extending caudally
Valiant thoracic stent graft (Medtronic) in the middescending thoracic aorta. Proximal extension using a valiant Thoracic Stent graft mm ASA 100 mg/day
Time: 9 months CT–near occlusive thrombosis within the distal portion of the thoracic stent
Sudden painful paresthesia below the waist with swelling of the left foot. Subsequent chest pain, renal failure, and GI bleed
Systemic heparin followed by a right axillobifemoral bypass. Long-term warfarin and aspirin. Negative coagulopathy work-up
Brief requirement of renal replacement therapy. Planned explantation of endograft. Completing rehab with improving neurological function
High-speed MVC Traumatic type B aortic dissection (DeBakey type III)
Not stated
Time: 24 months CT–total occlusion of the thoracic aortic stent graft
Acute complete motoric and sensory loss of both lower limbs while jogging. Development of nausea and vomiting
Emergency surgery to reestablish aortic flow. Left lateral thoracotomy with deep hypothermia. The occluded graft was explanted. Tubular prosthetic graft (24 mm Gelweave, Vascutek Ltd.)
6 months improving neurological status. Patient ambulating with full sensation to his legs
Martinelli et al. [14] Martinelli et al. [15] 22-year-old-male Italy
High-speed MVC Blunt thoracic aortic injury below the isthmus
Zenith Cook mm (Cook Incorporated) endograft ASA 100 mg/day
Time: 6 months CT #1 (6 months)—intimal flap and segmental thrombosis completely occluding the aorta with a valve mechanism CT #2 (8 months)—recurrent partial occlusion of the distal edge of the second graft
Acute ischemic multiorgan failure and complete bilateral lower extremity motor and sensory loss
Emergency endovascular relining of the endograft using another Zenith Cook mm device with restoration of perfusion except the spinal cord. Open conversion with the endograft explanted. The thoracic aorta was replaced with a 22 mm silver-coated graft
Persistent paraplegia
Chiu et al. 2022 19-year-old-male Canada
High-speed MVC Aortic transection injury at the isthmus with pseudoaneurysm
Unknown
Time: 8 months CT–graft thrombosis with near complete occlusion of the thoracic aortic stent graft
Acute collapse while jogging with complete paraplegia at T8. Multiorgan failure
Emergency systemic and catheter directed tPA followed by aspiration thrombectomy and angioplasty