Case Report
Failure of Miltefosine Treatment in Two Dogs with Natural Leishmania infantum Infection
Table 2
Score for clinical parameters (on a scale from 0 to 86) used in dogs affected by canine leishmaniasis.
| | Clinical sign | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| | Appetite | Normal | Slight decrease | Moderate decrease | Anorexia | | Mentation | Normal | Slight depression | Depression | Prostration | | Lethargy | No | Slight | Moderate | Refusal to move | | Weight loss | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Polyuria | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Polydipsia | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Localized muscular atrophy (temporal muscles) | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Generalized muscular atrophy | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Lymphadenomegaly | No | 1-2 nodes | 2 > 4 nodes | Generalized | | Splenomegaly | No | | Yes | | | Conjunctivitis and/or blepharitis | No | Unilateral and slight | Bilateral or unilateral severe | Bilateral and severe | | Uveitis and/or keratitis | No | Unilateral and slight | Bilateral or unilateral severe | Bilateral and severe | | Pale mucous membranes | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Epistaxis | Never presented | Sporadic | Frequent | Incoercible | | Mouth ulcers or nodules | No | 1 or 2 small ulcers or nodules | >2 small ulcers or nodules | >1/4 or oral mouth cover by ulcers or nodules | | Vomiting | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Frequent with blood | | Diarrhea | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Constant | | Lameness | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Constant | | Itching | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Constant | | Erythema | No | <10% body surface or slight generalized erythema | 10–25% body surface or moderate generalized erythema | >25% body surface | | Dry exfoliative dermatitis | No | <10% body surface or slight generalized erythema | 10–25% body surface or moderate generalized erythema | >25% body surface | | Ulcerative dermatitis | No | 1-2 ulcers | 3–5 ulcers | >5 ulcers | | Nodular dermatitis | No | 1-2 nodules | 3–5 nodules | >5 nodules | | Sterile pustular dermatitis | No | 1-2 pustules | 3–5 pustules | >5 pustules | | Alopecia | No | <10% body surface | 10–25% body surface erythema | >25% body surface | | Altered pigmentation | No | Localized | Multifocal | Generalized | | Hyperkeratosis of nasal planum and pads | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Generalized hyperkeratosis | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | | Onychogryphosis | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe |
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