Effect of a Multidimensional Pharmaceutical Care Intervention on Inhalation Technique in Patients with Asthma and COPD

Table 2

Demographic characteristics of asthma and COPD patients.

Characteristics	Intervention group (n = 133)	Control group (n = 126)	All (n = 259)
Age, years, mean ± SD	51.01 ± 17.30	51.40 ± 18.19	51.20 ± 17.70	0.860^a
Gender, n (%)				0.736^a
Male	69 (51.88)	68 (53.97)	137 (52.90)
Female	64 (48.12)	58 (46.03)	122 (47.10)
Level of education, n				0.461^a
No education	5	8	13
Lower education	61	61	122
Secondary education	25	27	52
Higher education	42	30	72
Marital status, n				0.186^a
Married	121	108	229
Unmarried/divorced/solitary	12	18	30
Medical insurance, n				0.644^a
Yes	118	114	232
No	15	12	27
Smoking history, n				0.622^a
Ever	22	26	48
Never	101	89	190
Quit smoking for ≥1 year	10	11	21
Drinking history, n				0.507^a
Yes	23	18	41
No	110	108	218
Diagnosis, n				0.121^a
Asthma	106	90	196
COPD	27	36	63
Type of inhalers, n				0.554^a
Tubuhaler®	85	80	165
Diskus®	26	18	44
HandiHaler®	13	17	30
Diskus® and HandiHaler®	4	7	11
Diskus® and Tubuhaler®	2	3	5
HandiHaler® and Tubuhaler®	3	1	4

^aComparison between the intervention group and control group postintervention.