Risk Factors Associated with Late Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients who had NIV success or late failure of NIV.

	NIV success	Late failure of NIV
	N = 243 (84%)	N = 48 (16%)
Age, years	71 ± 10	76 ± 9
Male/female	186/57	33/15	0.27
APACHE II score	17 ± 6	21 ± 5
Nosocomial pneumonia during NIV	2 (0.8%)	7 (14.6%)
Data collected at NIV initiation
GCS	14.6 ± 1.1	13.8 ± 1.7
Respiratory rate, breaths/min	29 ± 5	29 ± 6	0.85
Heart rate, beats/min	110 ± 19	120 ± 26
MAP, mmHg	102 ± 17	94 ± 18
pH	7.26 ± 0.06	7.27 ± 0.06	0.80
PaCO2, mmHg	81 ± 19	73 ± 23
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg	192 ± 103	188 ± 99	0.79
Data collected at 1–2 h of NIV
GCS	14.8 ± 0.7	13.9 ± 1.9
Respiratory rate, breaths/min	23 ± 4	25 ± 7
Heart rate, beats/min	100 ± 18	109 ± 22
MAP, mmHg	91 ± 14	90 ± 16	0.50
pH	7.34 ± 0.06	7.31 ± 0.08
PaCO2, mmHg	70 ± 18	68 ± 21	0.33
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg	221 ± 81	183 ± 76

NIV = noninvasive ventilation; GCS = Glasgow coma scale; MAP = mean arterial pressure. for NIV success vs. late failure of NIV.