Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Predictive Role for Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Table 2

Predictors of AE in IIPs (univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis).

Parameters	HR	95% CI	value
Sex, Male vs. Female	1.571	0.776‒3.180	0.210
Age	1.028	0.992‒1.065	0.129
BMI	1.105	1.010‒1.210	0.030
Smoking, CS or ES vs. NS	1.100	0.556‒2.177	0.785
Iron dust exposure, yes vs. no	1.157	0.358‒3.737	0.807
Autoantibody, yes/no	0.267	0.065‒1.106	0.069
IPF vs. Non-IPF	2.745	1.499‒5.028	0.001
mMRC, ≥2 vs. <2	4.208	2.305‒7.682	< 0.001
%FVC	0.963	0.948‒0.978	< 0.001
%DLco	0.957	0.940‒0.975	< 0.001
KL-6, ×100 U/mL	1.031	1.004‒1.058	0.022
SP-D, ×10 ng/mL	1.005	0.998‒1.012	0.125
Neu in BAL, (%)	1.031	1.003‒1.059	0.027
HS, ≥61.5 vs. <61.5	3.026	1.082‒8.462	0.035

Abbreviations: AE, acute exacerbation; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CS, current smoker; DLco, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide; ES, ex-smoker; FVC, forced vital capacity; HR, hazard ratio; HS, hemosiderin score; IIPs, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; KL-6, Krebs von den Lungen-6; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council Score for shortness of breath; Neu, neutrophils; NS, nonsmoker; SP-D, surfactant protein-D.