Canadian Respiratory Journal

Research Article

Relationship between Driving Pressure and Mortality in Ventilated Patients with Heart Failure: A Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of participants.


Covariate	Driving pressure			P value
	Low (5.00–12.85)	Mid (12.86–16.05)	High (16.10–35.68)
	n = 217	n = 213	n = 202

Baseline characteristics
Age (years)	71.83 ± 14.55	72.20 ± 12.96	70.03 ± 12.76	0.216
Sex (male)	121 (55.76%)	110 (51.64%)	92 (45.54%)	0.11
BMI (kg/m²)	27.9 ± 8.0	29.7 ± 7.9	32.5 ± 9.7	<0.001
PBW (kg)	62.9 ± 11.2	62.2 ± 10.5	60.9 ± 11.1	0.163

Disease severity score
SAPS	21.73 ± 4.27	22.43 ± 4.31	22.95 ± 4.58	0.017
SOFA	6.27 ± 3.27	6.48 ± 3.24	6.79 ± 3.14	0.18
Elixhauser index	11.00 (6.00–15.00)	8.00 (3.00–13.00)	10.00 (6.00–15.00)	0.01

Vital signs
Heart rate (bpm)	85.03 ± 16.42	84.97 ± 16.40	86.85 ± 16.71	0.421
Respiratory rate (bpm)	18.74 ± 3.90	19.03 ± 3.80	18.97 ± 4.30	0.727
MAP (mmHg)	77.59 ± 11.35	75.47 ± 10.23	76.92 ± 9.56	0.099
CVP (cmH₂O)	15.00 (12.00–19.50)	17.00 (14.00–23.00)	20.00 (16.00–26.00)	<0.001

Laboratory examination
WBC (×10⁹/L)	14.99 ± 7.23	15.58 ± 7.31	16.31 ± 16.92	0.856
Hemoglobin (g/L)	12.26 ± 2.06	11.83 ± 2.05	11.68 ± 1.90	0.01
NT-proBNP (pg/ml)	5016.00 (1341.50–15748.25)	3753.00 (1344.50–6903.50)	4293.50 (2142.25–17458.50)	0.425
Creatinine (mg/ml)	1.53 ± 1.82	1.41 ± 1.24	1.46 ± 1.07	0.626
PH	7.29 ± 0.11	7.29 ± 0.11	7.28 ± 0.10	0.802
PO₂ (mmHg)	79.00 (63.00–115.00)	80.00 (66.00–104.00)	76.50 (61.75–99.00)	0.239
PCO₂ (mmHg)	53.41 ± 20.43	54.11 ± 20.48	57.65 ± 20.33	0.081
PF ratio	166.67 (108.54–245.83)	153.25 (106.87–240.00)	156.33 (106.79–218.78)	0.67

Parameters of mechanical ventilation
PEEP (cmH₂O)	7.36 ± 3.16	7.22 ± 3.21	6.64 ± 2.78	0.04
VT/PBW	8.29 ± 1.86	8.77 ± 1.66	9.22 ± 2.35	<0.001
CMV	77 (36.5%)	75 (35.7%)	74 (35.1%)	0.996

Outcome
In-hospital mortality	59 (27.19%)	45 (21.13%)	77 (38.12%)	<0.001

BMI: body mass index, PBW: predicted body weight, SOFA score: sequential organ failure assessment score, SAPS score: simplified acute physiology score, MAP: mean arterial pressure, CVP: central venous pressure, PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure, bpm: beats per minute, WBC: white blood cell, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, PaO₂: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, PaCO₂: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, PF ratio: PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, VT/PBW: tidal volume/predicted body weight, and CMV: control mechanical ventilation.