Relationship between Poorly Controlled Asthma and Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Asthma: A Two-Center Study

Table 1

General characteristics of enrolled children according to asthma control status.

Characteristics	Well-controlled asthma (n = 136)	Partly or uncontrolled asthma (n = 73)	Group differences	values
Age, median (min-max)	7.61 (5.71–10.11)	6.27 (4.87–8.54)	Z = −2.294	0.022
Male, n (%)	82 (60.29)	39 (53.42)	χ^2 = 0.920	0.338
BMI, median (min-max)	16.28 (14.77–18.31)	16.42 (14.88–19.79)	Z = −0.358	0.719
Obesity, n (%)	9 (6.62)	10 (13.70)	χ^2 = 1.423	0.233
History of AR, n (%)	99 (72.79)	50 (68.49)	χ^2 = 0.429	0.512
Allergy, n (%)	122 (89.71)	68 (93.15)	χ^2 = 0.682	0.409
PSQ, median (min-max)	0.13 (0.04–0.26)	0.22 (0.13–0.35)	Z = −4.180	≤0.001
SRBD, n (%)	19 (13.97)	25 (34.24)	χ^2 = 11.750	0.001
Lung function
FVC (% pred) median (min-max)	85.30 (79.55–94.50)	84.10 (74.40–97.90)	Z = -1.564	0.118
FEV1 (% pred) median (min-max)	97.00 (93.35–107.95)	91.90 (85.40–104.20)	Z = -2.678	0.007
FEV1/FVC median (min-max)	113.90 (110.90–116.10)	113.40 (107.40–116.10)	Z = −1.294	0.196
PEF (% pred) median (min-max)	97.00 (84.15–108.50)	83.90 (76.60–95.00)	Z = −3.930	≤0.001
FeNO median (min-max)	14.00 (10.00–23.50)	13.00 (10.00–18.00)	Z = −0.159	0.874

Data were presented as mean ± SD, median, min-max, or n (%) unless otherwise stated.  < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. BMI, body mass index; AR, allergic rhinitis; PSQ, pediatric sleep questionnaire; SRBD, sleep-related breathing disorders; FeNO, exhaled nitric oxide; SD, standard deviation; FEV, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; PEF, peak expiratory flow; min-max, minimum and maximum interquartile range. The variables with statistical differences are indicated in bold.