Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Mucormycosis in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A 21-Case Series Report and Literature Review
Table 1
Patient demographics, symptoms, radiographic findings, treatments, and outcomes.
Demographic of patients
Number of patients (%)
Age at diagnosis
43 ± 12.4
Male, n (%)
19 (90.5%)
Hematological malignancies, n (%)
AML
12 (57.1%)
ALL
3 (14.3%)
MDS
4 (19.0%)
Others
2 (9.5%)
GVHD before infection
8 (38.1%)
Days after allo-HSCT
96 (25.5–229)
Symptom to time of diagnosis
19 (12–34)
Antifungal therapy at clinical suspicion
19 (90.5%)
Fluconazole
2 (9.5%)
Voriconazole
10 (47.6%)
Posaconazole
6 (28.6%)
Echinocandins
13 (61.9%)
Overall clinical presentation
Multiorgan involvement, n (%)
6 (28.6%)
Agranulocytosis, n (%)
7 (33.3%)
Fever, n (%)
16 (76.2%)
Dyspnea, n (%)
4 (19.0%)
Cough, n (%)
18 (85.7%)
Chest pain, n (%)
8 (38.1%)
Hemoptysis, n (%)
13 (61.9%)
CT findings
Nodule and/or mass
16 (80.0%)
Consolidation
9 (45.0%)
Ground-glass infiltrates
19 (95.0%)
Cavitation
10 (50.0%)
Pneumothorax
1 (5.0%)
Pleural effusion
10 (50.0%)
Imaging signs
Air-crescent sign
6 (30.0%)
Reversed halo sign
6 (30.0%)
CT distribution
Lobar
3 (15.0%)
Multilobar
17 (85.0%)
Origin of specimen
Sputum, n (%)
10 (47.6%)
Biopsy
CT-guided, n (%)
6 (28.6%)
Transbronchial lung biopsy, n (%)
3 (14.3%)
Pleural effusion, n (%)
1 (4.8%)
Peripheral blood
1 (4.8%)
Pathogen (genera)
Mucor
6 (31.6%)
Rhizopus
12 (63.2%)
Rhizomucor
1 (5.3%)
Treatment and outcome of patients
Single-agent amphotericin B, n (%)
7 (33.3%)
Multiagent antifungal therapy with amphotericin B, n (%)
9 (42.9%)
Combination medical and surgical intervention, n (%)
