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| Author, year, location | Population | Clinical setting | Number of patients (H/C) | Intervention time point | Intervention details | Control details | Outcomes |
|
| Corley [12], 2015, Australia | Patients aged ≥18, with a BMI ≥30 | Cardiothoracic surgery | 155 (81/74) | Postextubation | The gas flow rate was 35∼50 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 2∼4 L/min via nasal cannula or 6 L/min via facemask. | ③ |
| FiO₂: NR. | FiO₂: NR. |
|
| Sahin [13], 2018, Turkey | Patients with a BMI > 30 | Coronary artery bypass grafting | 100 (50/50) | Postextubation | The gas flow rate was 25∼40 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 2∼4 L/min via facemask. | ③④ |
| FiO₂ = 50%. | FiO₂: NR |
|
| .Ferrando [14], 2019, Spain | Patients with a BMI ≥ 35 | Laparoscopic bariatric surgery | 64 (32/32) | Postoperation | The gas flow rate was 60 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 15 L/min via facemask. | ①④ |
| FiO₂ = 50%. | FiO₂ = 50%. |
|
| Riccio [15], 2019, USA | Patients aged 18∼80, with a BMI > 40 | Elective colonoscopy | 59 (28/31) | 5 min before and during the sedation period | The gas flow rate was 60 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 4 L/min via nasal cannula. | ①②③ |
| FiO₂ = 36∼40%. | FiO₂ = 36∼40%. |
|
| Wong [17], 2019, Canada | Patients aged ≥ 18, with a BMI ≥ 40 | Elective surgery | 45 (23/22) | Preoxygenation | The gas flow rate was 40 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 15 L/min via facemask. | ② |
| FiO₂ = 100% | FiO₂ = 100%. |
|
| Ricottilli [16], 2019, Belgium | Obese patients, BMI: (40.6±3.79) | Bariatric surgery | 40 (20/20) | Preoxygenation and duration of apnea | The gas flow rate was 50∼70 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 12 L/min via facemask. | ② |
| FiO₂ = 100%. | FiO₂ = 100%. |
|
| Hamp [19], 2020, Austria | Adult patients with a BMI > 40 | Bariatric surgery | 40 (20/20) | Apneic oxygenation | The gas flow rate was 120 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 10 L/min via nasal cannula. | ①② |
| FiO₂ = 100% | FiO₂ = 100%. |
|
| Fulton [18], 2021, Australia | Patients aged ≥ 18, with a BMI ≥30 | Elective bariatric surgery | 50 (25/25) | Postoperation | The gas flow rate was 50 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 2 L/min via nasal cannula. | ①③④ |
| FiO₂ = 50%. | FiO₂ = 50%. |
|
| Schutzer-Weissmann [22], 2021, UK | Patients aged 18∼65 years, with a BMI >40 | Bariatric surgery | 80 (41/39) | Preoxygenation and duration of apnea | The gas flow rate was 35∼70 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 15 L/min via facemask. | ① |
| FiO₂: NR. | FiO₂: NR. |
|
| Guy [20], 2021, Australia | Patients aged ≥ 18, with a BMI ≥35 | Bariatric surgery | 45 (22/23) | Apneic period | The gas flow rate was 70 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 4 L/min via nasal cannula. | ① |
| FiO₂ = 100%. | FiO₂ = 100%. |
|
| Rosén [21], 2022, Sweden | Patients aged 18∼60 years, with a BMI >35 | Laparoscopic bariatric surgery | 40 (20/20) | Postoperation | The gas flow rate was 40 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 2 L/min via nasal cannula. | ① |
| FiO₂ = 30%. | FiO₂ = 30%. |
|
| Wu [23], 2022, Taiwan, China | Patients aged 20∼65, with a BMI>30 | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy | 80 (40/40) | Preoxygenation | The gas flow rate was 30∼50 L/min. | The gas flow rate was 15 L/min via facemask. | ①② |
| FiO₂ = 100% | FiO₂ = 100% |
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