Mortality Predictive Value of APACHE II and SOFA Scores in COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of survived and nonsurvived patients.

Variable	Survived	Nonsurvived	value	95% CI
				Lower	Upper
Sex, n (%)	90 (44.1)	114 (55.9)		—	—
Male	54 (60)	76 (66.7)	0.379
Female	36 (40)	38 (43.3)
Age (years), mean ± SD	61.4 ± 14.7	63.3 ± 12.3		−5.657	1.954
<60, n (%)	41 (45.5)	46 (40.3)	0.347
≥60, n (%)	49 (54.5)	68 (59.7)	0.479
BMI, mean ± SD	27.9 ± 3.9	27.4 ± 5.1		−1.721	1.043
<30, n (%)	62 (81.6)	78 (78.8)	0.629
≥30, n (%)	14 (18.4)	21 (21.2)	0.397
Comorbidities, n (%)				—	—
Any	66 (73.3)	103 (91.2)	0.002
Diabetes	45 (39.5)	34 (37.8)	0.885
Malignancy	19 (16.7)	6 (6.7)	0.033
Respiratory	16 (14)	3 (3.3)	0.013
Hypertension	38 (33.3)	42 (46.7)	0.061
Heart	31 (27.2)	26 (28.9)	0.875
GI	0	1	NA
Hepatic	4	0	NA
Kidney	10 (8.8)	3 (3.3)	0.152
Endocrine	9 (7.9)	7 (7.8)	0.894
Others	19 (21.1)	21 (18.4)	0.287
APACHE II score, mean ± SD	9.5 ± 5.1	14.4 ± 5.7	≤0.001	−6.486	−3.406
APACHE II mortality prediction, %, mean ± SD	13.1 ± 10.1	21.5 ± 12.4	≤0.001	−11.520	−5.066
SOFA (first day), mean ± SD	3.2 ± 1.1	5.6 ± 3.4	≤0.001	−3.121	−1.619
Mean SOFA, mean ± SD	3.1 ± 1.1	7.3 ± 3.1	≤0.001	−4.940	−3.578
Length of stay, mean ± SD
ICU, day	7.9 ± 46	8.1 ± 5.3	0.848	−1.492	1.227
Hospital, day	11.9 ± 5.4	10.7 ± 61	0.139	−0.403	2.854
M.V duration, hours	140.9 ± 103.5	41.8 ± 47.8	0.002	−161.914	−36.266
Respiratory support, n (%)	90	114	≤0.001	—	—
Only invasive	2 (2.3)	27 (23.7)
Only noninvasive	77 (85.5)	17 (14.9)
Both	11 (12.2)	70 (61.4)
Types of NIV, n			NA	—	—
Only F.M/N.C	8	15
Only RBM	51	32
Only CPAP mask	0	4
Only BiPAP	0	5
Combined	29	31

GI: gastrointestinal, APACHE II: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment, ICU: intensive care unit, MV: mechanical ventilation, NIV: noninvasive ventilation, FM: face mask, NC: nasal cannula, RBM: reservoir bag mask, CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure, BiPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure, and NA: not applicable. APACHE II (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13–1.30) and mean SOFA of admission days (adjusted OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 2.09–3.83) scores were higher in the nonsurvived group significantly () (Table 2). In a cut-off point of 5 for SOFA and 13 for APACHE II, the area under the curve (AUC) was 89.5% and 73%, respectively (Figure 1).