Operative versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Recommended for Surgery

Table 1

Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of advanced NSCLC patients.

Characteristic	Surgery recommended (unmatched)				Surgery recommended (propensity-score-matched)
	Total (n = 3331)	Nonoperation (n = 912)	Operation (n = 2419)	value	Total (n = 1106)	Nonoperation (n = 553)	Operation (n = 553)	value
Age (SD, years)	66.6 ± 11.3	71.4 ± 11.4	64.8 ± 10.8	<0.001	69.0 ± 10.7	69.5 ± 10.9	68.6 ± 10.5	0.183
Age <= 30, n (%)	11 (0.3)	0 (0)	11 (0.5)	<0.001	2 (0.2)	0 (0)	2 (0.4)	0.098
30 < age <= 60, n (%)	847 (25.4)	143 (15.7)	704 (29.1)		209 (18.9)	109 (19.7)	100 (18.1)
60 < age <= 90, n (%)	2434 (73.1)	732 (80.3)	1702 (70.4)		888 (80.3)	438 (79.2)	450 (81.4)
Age > 90, n (%)	39 (1.2)	37 (4.1)	2 (0.1)		7 (0.6)	6 (1.1)	1 (0.2)
Sex, n (%)				0.036				0.304
Male	1717 (51.5)	497 (54.5)	1220 (50.4)		613 (55.4)	315 (57)	298 (53.9)
Female	1614 (48.5)	415 (45.5)	1199 (49.6)		493 (44.6)	238 (43)	255 (46.1)
Race, n (%)				0.034				0.886
Caucasian	2651 (79.8)	740 (81.3)	1911 (79.3)		897 (81.1)	454 (82.1)	443 (80.1)
African American	269 (8.1)	56 (6.2)	213 (8.8)		90 (8.1)	42 (7.6)	48 (8.7)
American Indian/Alaska native	24 (0.7)	10 (1.1)	14 (0.6)		6 (0.5)	3 (0.5)	3 (0.5)
Asian or Pacific Islander	377 (11.4)	104 (11.4)	273 (11.3)		113 (10.2)	54 (9.8)	59 (10.7)
Marital status at diagnosis, n (%)				<0.001				0.946
Single	480 (15.1)	147 (17.7)	333 (14.2)		179 (16.2)	91 (16.5)	88 (15.9)
Unmarried or domestic partner	21 (0.7)	2 (0.2)	19 (0.8)		6 (0.5)	2 (0.4)	4 (0.7)
Married	1818 (57.4)	392 (47.3)	1426 (60.9)		582 (52.6)	290 (52.4)	292 (52.8)
Separated	26 (0.8)	8 (1)	18 (0.8)		10 (0.9)	6 (1.1)	4 (0.7)
Divorced	407 (12.8)	98 (11.8)	309 (13.2)		142 (12.8)	69 (12.5)	73 (13.2)
Widowed	418 (13.2)	182 (22)	236 (10.1)		187 (16.9)	95 (17.2)	92 (16.6)
Primary site, n (%)				<0.001				0.075
Main bronchus	110 (3.3)	27 (3)	83 (3.4)		58 (5.2)	18 (3.3)	40 (7.2)
Upper lobe and lung	1653 (49.6)	400 (43.9)	1253 (51.8)		526 (47.6)	277 (50.1)	249 (45)
Middle lobe and lung	166 (5.0)	41 (4.5)	125 (5.2)		62 (5.6)	31 (5.6)	31 (5.6)
Lower lobe and lung	957 (28.7)	204 (22.4)	753 (31.1)		289 (26.1)	144 (26)	145 (26.2)
Overlapping lession of lung	66 (2.0)	6 (0.7)	60 (2.5)		10 (0.9)	5 (0.9)	5 (0.9)
Grade, n (%)				0.039				0.585
I: well differentiated	159 (8.4)	29 (8.8)	130 (8.4)		53 (9.6)	23 (9.6)	30 (9.6)
II: moderately differentiated	722 (38.3)	103 (31.4)	619 (39.8)		189 (34.2)	88 (36.7)	101 (32.3)
III: poorly differentiated	950 (50.5)	185 (56.4)	765 (49.2)		287 (51.9)	121 (50.4)	166 (53)
IV: undifferentiated anaplastic	52 (2.8)	11 (3.4)	41 (2.6)		24 (4.3)	8 (3.3)	16 (5.1)
Laterality, n (%)				<0.001				0.972
Right	1845 (55.7)	465 (52.1)	1380 (57.1)		641 (58.0)	319 (57.7)	322 (58.2)
Left	1354 (40.9)	334 (37.4)	1020 (42.2)		436 (39.4)	219 (39.6)	217 (39.2)
Bilateral involvement	111 (3.4)	93 (10.4)	18 (0.7)		29 (2.6)	15 (2.7)	14 (2.5)
Histology, n (%)				<0.001				0.842
Epithelial neoplasms	421 (12.6)	248 (27.2)	173 (7.2)		168 (15.2)	86 (15.6)	82 (14.8)
Squamous cell neoplasms	733 (22.0)	199 (21.8)	534 (22.1)		270 (24.4)	141 (25.5)	129 (23.3)
Adenomas and adenocarcinomas	1833 (55.0)	444 (48.7)	1389 (57.4)		628 (56.8)	308 (55.7)	320 (57.9)
Acinar cell neoplasms	192 (5.8)	3 (0.3)	189 (7.8)		8 (0.7)	3 (0.5)	5 (0.9)
Others†	152 (4.6)	18 (2)	134 (5.5)		32 (2.9)	15 (2.7)	17 (3.1)
Type of surgery	912 (27.7)	912 (100)	0 (0)	<0.001				<0.001
Local tumor destruction	98 (3.0)	0 (0)	98 (4.1)		94 (8.6)	0 (0)	94 (17.4)
Resection of less than one lobe	541 (16.4)	0 (0)	541 (22.7)		328 (30.0)	0 (0)	328 (60.6)
Lobectomy	1361 (41.3)	0 (0)	1361 (57.2)		102 (9.3)	0 (0)	102 (18.9)
Lobe or bilobectomy extended	118 (3.6)	0 (0)	118 (5)		8 (0.7)	0 (0)	8 (1.5)
Pneumonectomy	251 (7.6)	0 (0)	251 (10.5)		7 (0.6)	0 (0)	7 (1.3)
Extended pneumonectomy	11 (0.3)	0 (0)	11 (0.5)		2 (0.2)	0 (0)	2 (0.4)
T, n (%)				0.052				0.003
T1a	147 (4.8)	24 (3.5)	123 (5.2)		47 (4.8)	18 (3.8)	29 (5.6)
T1b	190 (6.2)	47 (6.8)	143 (6.1)		56 (5.7)	30 (6.4)	26 (5)
T1c	47 (1.5)	7 (1)	40 (1.7)		12 (1.2)	7 (1.5)	5 (1)
T2a	591 (19.4)	118 (17)	473 (20.1)		174 (17.6)	84 (17.8)	90 (17.5)
T2b	190 (6.2)	51 (7.3)	139 (5.9)		54 (5.5)	38 (8.1)	16 (3.1)
T3	909 (29.8)	205 (29.5)	704 (29.9)		274 (27.8)	139 (29.4)	135 (26.2)
T4	976 (32.0)	243 (35)	733 (31.1)		370 (37.5)	156 (33.1)	214 (41.6)
N, n (%)				<0.001				<0.001
N0	826 (26.2)	239 (31.2)	587 (24.6)		384 (37.0)	144 (28.3)	240 (45.2)
N1	592 (18.8)	109 (14.2)	483 (20.3)		124 (11.9)	76 (15)	48 (9)
N2	1531 (48.6)	316 (41.3)	1215 (51)		414 (39.8)	224 (44.1)	190 (35.8)
N3	201 (6.4)	102 (13.3)	99 (4.2)		117 (11.3)	64 (12.6)	53 (10)
M, n (%)				<0.001				<0.001
M0	1871 (57.4)	217 (25)	1654 (69.1)		341 (32.0)	188 (35.6)	153 (28.5)
M1a	533 (16.3)	227 (26.2)	306 (12.8)		317 (29.8)	118 (22.3)	199 (37.1)
M1b	790 (24.2)	400 (46.1)	390 (16.3)		367 (34.5)	206 (39)	161 (30)
M1c	66 (2.0)	23 (2.7)	43 (1.8)		40 (3.8)	16 (3)	24 (4.5)
AJCC stage, n (%)				<0.001				0.096
Stage IIIA	1359 (40.8)	127 (13.9)	1232 (50.9)		201 (18.2)	116 (21)	85 (15.4)
Stage IIIB	473 (14.2)	70 (7.7)	403 (16.7)		120 (10.8)	63 (11.4)	57 (10.3)
Stage IIIC	39 (1.2)	20 (2.2)	19 (0.8)		20 (1.8)	9 (1.6)	11 (2)
Stage IVA	1394 (41.8)	672 (73.7)	722 (29.8)		725 (65.6)	349 (63.1)	376 (68)
Stage IVB	66 (2.0)	23 (2.5)	43 (1.8)		40 (3.6)	16 (2.9)	24 (4.3)
Radiation, n (%)				<0.001				0.229
No/unknown	2101 (63.1)	685 (75.1)	1416 (58.5)		725 (65.6)	372 (67.3)	353 (63.8)
Yes	1230 (36.9)	227 (24.9)	1003 (41.5)		381 (34.4)	181 (32.7)	200 (36.2)
Chemotherapy, n (%)				<0.001				0.298
No/unknown	1407 (42.2)	660 (72.4)	747 (30.9)		655 (59.2)	336 (60.8)	319 (57.7)
Yes	1924 (57.8)	252 (27.6)	1672 (69.1)		451 (40.8)	217 (39.2)	234 (42.3)
Tumor size and mean ± SD (mm)	48.2 ± 31.7	48.8 ± 27.1	48.1 ± 32.2	0.858	47.8 ± 31.8	49.0 ± 27.5	47.3 ± 33.5	0.712

†, histology and other types included: transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas (n = 1), mucoepidermoid neoplasms (n = 5), cystic, mucinous, and serous neoplasms (n = 72), and complex epithelial neoplasms (n = 74). Abbreviations: AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer. local tumor destruction included laser ablation or cryosurgery and electrocautery; fulguration (included the use of hot forceps for tumor destruction). Excision or resection of less than one lobe included excision, laser excision, bronchial sleeve resection only, wedge resection, and segmental resection (including lingulectomy).