Operative versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Recommended for Surgery

Table 2

Association between the recommended operation and OS in the crude analysis and multivariable analysis.

Variables	Total	Event (%)	Nonadjusted model		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
			HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Entire cohort
Nonoperation	553	494 (89.3)	1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Operation	553	384 (69.4)	0.6 (0.53∼0.69)	<0.001	0.61 (0.53∼0.7)	<0.001	0.61 (0.5∼0.74)	<0.001	0.57 (0.47∼0.69)	<0.001
Stage IIIA
Nonoperation	116	98 (84.5)	1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Operation	85	40 (47.1)	0.44 (0.31∼0.64)	<0.001	0.4 (0.27∼0.59)	<0.001	0.4 (0.19∼0.82)	0.012	0.46 (0.23∼0.95)	0.037
Stage IIIB
Nonoperation	63	56 (88.9)	1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Operation	57	43 (75.4)	0.77 (0.52∼1.15)	0.207	0.82 (0.53∼1.25)	0.358	0.8 (0.41∼1.59)	0.532	0.79 (0.37∼1.69)	0.537
Stage IIIC
Nonoperation	9	8 (88.9)	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Operation	11	7 (63.6)	0.48 (0.16∼1.39)	0.174	1.01 (0.27∼3.76)	0.985
Stage IVA
Nonoperation	349	323 (92.6)	1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Operation	376	278 (73.9)	0.57 (0.49∼0.67)	<0.001	0.58 (0.49∼0.68)	<0.001	0.59 (0.47∼0.75)	<0.001	0.54 (0.42∼0.68)	<0.001
Stage IVB
Nonoperation	16	9 (56.2)	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
Operation	24	16 (66.7)	1.77 (0.78∼4.03)	0.175	3.39 (1.22∼9.39)	0.019

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race, and marital status at the baseline. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, primary site, grade, laterality, histology, and AJCC stage. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, primary site, grade, laterality, histology, AJCC stage, radiation, and chemotherapy.