Predictive Factors of Nonmalignant Pathological Diagnosis and Final Diagnosis of Ultrasound-Guided Cutting Biopsy for Peripheral Pulmonary Diseases

Table 3

Univariate analysis to determine distinguishing features of final malignancy and benign diagnoses of 308 nondiagnostic biopsies.

Characteristics	Malignancy (n = 78)	Benign (n = 230)
Age (years)	56.1 ± 10.9	54.7 ± 13.2	0.372^a
Gender			0.708^b
Male	58	166
Female	20	64
Lesion location 1			<0.001^b
Left lung	33	103
Right lung	45	127
Lesion location 2			<0.001^b
Upper lobe	36	75
Middle and lower lob	42	155
Lesion size (mm)	38.8 ± 21.4	29.9 ± 14.4	0.001^b
≤15 mm	7	25
>15 mm	71	205
Lesion type			0.087^b
Solid	63	163
Subsolid	15	67
Patient position			0.01^b
Supine	18	33
Lateral	16	88
Prone	44	109
Needle type (gage)			0.874^b
16	6	19
18	72	211
Puncture angle			0.612^c
0°	20	50
15°	49	160
30°	3	9
Multiangle	6	11
No. of tissue samplings			0.577^b
≤2	22	77
3	41	118
>3	15	35
Nondiagnostic			0.001^c
Nonspecific benign	45	212
Atypical cell present	10	1
Insufficient	23	17

Notes. ^aone-way analysis of variance. ^bPearson Chi-square. ^CFisher exact test.