High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Noninvasive Ventilation in AECOPD Patients with Respiratory Acidosis: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study

Table 2

Baseline characteristics at the time of ICU admission after propensity score matching.

Characteristics	Matched cohort (n = 88)
	Total (n = 88)	HFNC group (n = 44)	NIV group (n = 44)	value
Demographics
Age (years)	79.3 ± 8.5	78.4 ± 8.7	80.2 ± 8.3	0.324
Gender ((%) male)	73.9	75.0	72.7	0.808
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.5 ± 5.6	22.5 ± 6.1	22.4 ± 5.0	0.936
Pack year	37.5 (10.6–50.0)	32.5 (10.0–57.5)	40.0 (15.6–45.0)	0.883
FEV1%	32.4 ± 12.0	28.7 ± 10.5	34.9 ± 12.8	0.344
FEV1/FVC	48.23 ± 12.19	47.27 ± 14.29	48.99 ± 11.14	0.790
Vital signs
Body temperature (°C)	36.6 ± 0.5	36.6 ± 0.5	36.5 ± 0.5	0.571
Heart rate (beats/min)	89 ± 15	89 ± 13	88 ± 17	0.627
Respiratory rate (breaths/min)	23 ± 5	23 ± 4	22 ± 5	0.723
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	131 ± 20	128 ± 21	133 ± 19	0.291
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	89 ± 13	87 ± 12	90 ± 14	0.286
Severity score
Charlson	6 ± 2	6 ± 2	7 ± 2	0.195
APACHE II	16 ± 4	16 ± 4	17 ± 4	0.591
SAPS II	33 ± 6	32 ± 5	34 ± 7	0.132
GCS	15 ± 1	15 ± 1	15 ± 1	0.267
Echocardiography
LVEF (%)	69.5 ± 6.1	70.4 ± 4.8	68.7 ± 7.1	0.191
LVEDD (mm)	44.1 ± 6.1	44.0 ± 5.3	44.2 ± 6.9	0.905
RVEDD (mm)	22.9 ± 6.2	23.4 ± 6.8	22.3 ± 5.7	0.446
RVSP (mmHg)	38 (28–51)	38 (28–50)	39 (27–51)	0.986
Home NIV use no. (%)	14 (15.9)	5 (11.4)	9 (20.5)	0.244
Comorbidities, no. (%)
Pneumonia	17 (19.3)	8 (18.2)	9 (20.5)	0.787
Cor pulmonale	23 (26.1)	13 (29.5)	10 (22.7)	0.467
Heart failure	19 (21.6)	8 (18.2)	11 (25.0)	0.437
Hypertension	71 (81.7)	34 (77.3)	37 (84.1)	0.418
Coronary artery disease	19 (21.6)	8 (18.2)	11 (25.0)	0.437
Old myocardial infarction	10 (11.4)	4 (9.1)	6 (13.6)	0.502
Atrial fibrillation	21 (23.9)	10 (22.7)	11 (25.0)	0.803
OSAHS	7 (8.0)	3 (6.8)	4 (9.1)	0.694
Diabetes mellitus	13 (14.8)	5 (11.4)	8 (18.2)	0.367
Arterial blood gas
pH	7.33 ± 0.08	7.33 ± 0.06	7.33 ± 0.10	0.900
PaCO2 (mmHg)	70.1 ± 19.5	70.2 ± 19.7	70.0 ± 19.4	0.952
HCO3− (mmol/L)	36.35 ± 7.63	36.20 ± 7.15	36.50 ± 8.18	0.859
PaO2/FIO2 (mmHg)	200.0 ± 53.4	197.3 ± 58.7	202.6 ± 48.2	0.645
Laboratory parameters
White blood cell (×10^9)	9.25 (6.05–12.91)	8.62 (6.06–12.11)	10.81 (6.05–13.56)	0.280
Neutrophil (%)	80.6 ± 9.5	78.9 ± 9.4	82.3 ± 9.4	0.093
PCT (μg/L)	0.11 (0.10–0.17)	0.10 (0.10–0.15)	0.13 (0.10–0.22)	0.124
CRP (mg/L)	2.70 (1.17–8.63)	2.70 (1.03–8.63)	3.11 (1.27–8.62)	0.932
Albumin (g/L)	37.0 ± 5.1	36.2 ± 4.7	37.7 ± 5.4	0.166
Creatinine (μmol/L)	66.5 (55.0–88.8)	70.0 (59.3–89.5)	62.0 (54.3–87.3)	0.411
CCR (mL/min)	58.8 (48.9–77.0)	57.9 (51.3–69.0)	60.3 (45.6–87.2)	0.717
NT-proBNP (pg/dl)	1530.0 (409.5–3485.0)	1251.0 (367.0–2437.5)	1995.0 (510.3–3977.5)	0.058

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), no. (%), or %. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI, body mass index; CCR, creatinine clearance rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; FEV 1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; ICU, intensive care unit; LVEDD, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; OSAHS, obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome; RVEDD, right ventricle end-diastolic diameter; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; PCT, procalcitonin; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score.