Increased Left Ventricular Stiffness Impairs Exercise Capacity in Patients with Heart Failure Symptoms Despite Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Figure 3

Linear regression between CPET indices and LV stiffness in all patients. VO₂ indicates peak oxygen uptake, VT ventilatory threshold, VECO₂ ventilation equivalent for carbon dioxide output, VEO₂ ventilation equivalent for oxygen uptake, stiffness beta exponential curve fit to end-diastolic PV relationship, r correlation coefficient, and P significance level.

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