Cardiology Research and Practice

Clinical Study

Increased Left Ventricular Stiffness Impairs Exercise Capacity in Patients with Heart Failure Symptoms Despite Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Table 2

PV measurements by Conductance Catheter Method (variable expressed as median [25–75% quartile]).
Patient population
( 𝑛 = 3 9 )		DHF
( 𝑛 = 2 7 )		noDHF
( 𝑛 = 1 2 )		P
Heart rate, bpm79 [68–88]75 [68–88]81 [70–87].648
Systolic indexes
 ESP, mmHg121 [112–138]130 [112–144]117 [113–121].094
 ESV, mL56 [31–85]57 [30–84]53 [34–88].903
 SV, mL100 [79–121]95 [68–122]105 [81–120].584
 SW, mmHg * mL9813 [7434–12542]9614 [7120–12542]11323 [7526–14136].411
 CO, mL/min7183 [5956–9423]7183 [5224–9414]7365 [6276–10125].338
  𝑑 𝑃 / 𝑑 𝑑 m a x , mmHg/s1447 [1337–1695]1429 [1275–1590]1584 [1425–1777].026
 LVEF, %65 [55–70]65 [60–70]69 [60–77].353
Diastolic indexes
 EDV, mL141 [107–190]141 [99–194]149 [110–178].927
 LVEDP, mmHg10 [8–14]12 [11–18]7 [6–10]<.001
  𝑑 𝑃 / 𝑑 𝑑 m i n , mmHg/sβˆ’1827 [(βˆ’2037)–(βˆ’1589)]βˆ’1715 [(βˆ’1937)–(βˆ’1486)]βˆ’1979 [(βˆ’2170)–(βˆ’1883)].007
  𝜏 , ms50 [43–60]54 [47–62]45 [40–48].001
 Stiffness Ξ², 1/mL0.018 [0.011–0.028]0.027 [0.016–0.036]0.011 [0.009–0.012].001
ESP indicates end-systolic pressure, ESV end-systolic volume, SV stoke volume, SW stroke work, CO cardiac output, 𝑑 𝑃 / 𝑑 𝑑 m a x maximum rate of pressure change, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, EDV end-diastolic volume, LVEDP LV end-diastolic pressure, 𝑑 𝑃 / 𝑑 𝑑 m i n minimal rate of LV pressure change, 𝜏 isovolumetric relaxation time, Stiffness constant Ξ² exponential curve fit to end-diastolic PV relationship, and Stiffness b slope of end-diastolic PV relationship ( 𝑑 𝑃 / 𝑑 𝑉 ).