Usefulness of Hemodynamic Sensors for Physiologic Cardiac Pacing in Heart Failure Patients
Figure 4
Trans Valvular Impedance (TVI) system (Medico, Italy). TVI waveform mirrors the time-course of ventricular volume along the cardiac cycle, detecting by M-mode Echo. TVI increases during ventricular systole and decreases during passive and active filling period.
(a) Echocardiograph in an adult to show measurement of ventricular dimensions.
