|
| Source | Article type | Study type | No. of patients | Age group (years) of cases | Heart failure category | Beta blocker class |
|
| Ahmed et al. [10] | Meeting abstract | Retrospective cohort (2008) | 326 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
| Finks et al. [11] | Conference abstract | Case control (72 months) | 76 | Not specified | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) and other β blockers (not specified) |
| Littmann et al. [12] | Letter to the editor | Case series | 4 | 51–57 | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) |
| Akpa et al. [13] | Conference abstract | Case control (2006–2008) | 132 | Not specified | HFrEF | Cardioselective and noncardioselective (not specified) |
| Ocal et al. [14] | Case study | Case report | 1 | 34 | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) |
| Finks et al. [15] | Conference abstract | Case control (72 months) | 217 | 57.3 (SD 4.8) | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) |
| Nguyen et al. [16] | Original study publication | Retrospective cohort (1993–2012) | 267 | 55.5 (SD 7.51) | Not specified (LVEF <45%) | Cardioselective (bisoprolol, metoprolol) and noncardioselective (carvedilol, labetalol) |
| Egbuche et al. [17] | Meeting abstract | Retrospective cohort | 90 | 56.1(SD 7.8) | HFrEF | Not specified |
| Lopez et al. [18] | Original study publication | Retrospective cohort (01/2010–06/2016) | 38 | 54 (SD 8.4) | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) and cardioselective β blocker (metoprolol) |
| Egbuche et al. [19] | Original study publication | Retrospective cohort (2011–2014) | 268 | 54.1 (SD 7) | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol), cardioselective β blocker (metoprolol), and mixed type |
| Lopez et al. [20] | Original study publication | Retrospective cohort | 72 | 54 (SD 8.4) | HFrEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) and cardioselective β blocker (metoprolol) |
| Alvi et al. [21] | Meeting abstract | Retrospective cohort | 503 | Not specified | HFrEF, HFbEF, and HFpEF | Combined α and β blocker (carvedilol) |
|
