Smoking-Induced Inhibition of Number and Activity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Nitric Oxide in Males Were Reversed by Estradiol in Premenopausal Females
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of four groups.
Characteristics
Female nonsmokers (n = 20)
Female smokers (n = 20)
Male nonsmokers (n = 20)
Male smokers (n = 20)
Age (years)
42.8 ± 3.6
43.4 ± 3.9
44.6 ± 3.7
43.6 ± 3.8
Smoking (pack-years)
NA
14.8 ± 4.5
NA
16.6 ± 5.5
Height (cm)
162.3 ± 5.7
161.9 ± 5.3
168.4 ± 4.9#
169.6 ± 6.6#
Weight (kg)
60.2 ± 5.2
58.7 ± 5.1
64.6 ± 6.2#
66.4 ± 5.0#
BMI (kg/cm2)
22.9 ± 2.3
22.4 ± 1.8
22.8 ± 2.2
23.1 ± 1.5
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
118.7 ± 10.0
121.5 ± 8.9
117.3 ± 9.6
120.6 ± 9.3
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
73.3 ± 6.5
75.5 ± 7.4
72.8 ± 6.1
74.6 ± 7.0
Heart rate (beats/min)
73.2 ± 6.3
72.9 ± 7.8
74.4 ± 8.0
71.1 ± 7.7
AST (mmol/L)
23.6 ± 5.0
25.7 ± 6.0
26.5 ± 5.2
24.4 ± 5.7
ALT (mmol/L)
20.6 ± 4.8
23.6 ± 7.1
24.7 ± 5.6
22.2 ± 5.5
BUN (mmol/L)
4.6 ± 0.8
4.8 ± 0.9
4.9 ± 0.8
5.0 ± 0.7
Cr (mmol/L)
63.2 ± 13.2
65.3 ± 15.0
69.1 ± 14.7
68.3 ± 15.7
LDL (mmol/L)
2.68 ± 0.38
2.78 ± 0.41
2.58 ± 0.37
2.66 ± 0.30
TC (mmol/L)
4.65 ± 0.49
4.77 ± 0.52
4.48 ± 0.61
4.61 ± 0.47
HDL (mmol/L)
1.39 ± 0.24
1.35 ± 0.22
1.41 ± 0.18
1.43 ± 0.17
TG (mmol/L)
1.41 ± 0.20
1.45 ± 0.20
1.38 ± 0.18
1.36 ± 0.16
FPG (mmol/L)
4.81 ± 0.54
4.51 ± 0.50
4.40 ± 0.41
4.61 ± 0.53
Estradiol (pmol/L)
203.6 ± 20.6
198.3 ± 22.9
103.5 ± 15.0#
95.7 ± 11.0#
FMD (%)
9.72 ± 1.73
8.87 ± 1.67
8.34 ± 1.59#
6.89 ± 1.72#∗
BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FMD, flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation. Smokers are defined as individuals with smoking ≥10 pack-year. Nonsmokers are defined as individuals who never smoked. Data are given as mean ± SD. vs nonsmokers; #vs premenopausal women.
