Trends in Stroke Prevention between 2014 and 2018 in Hospitalized Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Table 2
Clinical characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with vitamin K antagonist and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant.
Clinical feature
OAC n = 3680
NOAC n = 2311
VKA n = 1369
Female, n (%)
1572 (42.7)
1008 (43.6)
564 (41.2)
0.152
Age, years
0.001
Mean (SD)
71.8 (12)
72.2 (11.5)
71.3 (10)
Median (IQR)
72 (15)
73 (16)
71 (14)
Clinical characteristics, n (%)
Heart failure
2276 (61.8)
1338 (57.9)
938 (68.5)
<0.001
Hypertension
2891 (78.6)
1804 (78.1)
1087 (79.4)
0.339
Diabetes mellitus
1063 (28.9)
618 (26.7)
445 (32.5)
<0.001
Previous thromboembolic event
480 (13)
321 (13.9)
159 (11.6)
0.047
Vascular disease
1331 (36.2)
800 (34.6)
531 (38.8)
0.011
Cancer
157 (4.3)
102 (4.4)
55 (4.0)
0.345
AF type, n (%)
Paroxysmal
1566 (42.6)
1067 (46.2)
499 (36.4)
<0.001
Persistent
737 (20.0)
524 (22.7)
213 (15.6)
<0.001
Permanent
1377 (37.4)
720 (31.2)
657 (48.0)
<0.001
Nonpermanent
2303 (62.6)
1591 (68.8)
712 (52.0)
<0.001
Thromboembolic risk
CHA2DS2-VASC score
0.338
Mean (SD)
3.9 (1.8)
3.9 (1.9)
4.0 (1.8)
Median (IQR)
4.0 (2.0)
4.0 (2.0)
4.0 (2.0)
CHA2DS2-VASC = 0, n (%)
74 (2)
54 (2.3)
20 (1.5)
0.002
CHA2DS2-VASC = 1, n (%)
271 (7.4)
193 (8.4)
78 (5.7)
CHA2DS2-VASC ≥ 2, n (%)
3335 (90.6)
2064 (89.3)
1271 (92.8)
Bleeding risk
HASBLED score
0.005
Mean (SD)
2.0 (0.9)
2.0 (0.9)
2.0 (1.0)
Median (IQR)
2.0 (2.0)
2.0 (2.0)
2.0 (2.0)
HASBLED ≥ 3, n (%)
1064 (28.9)
621 (26.8)
443 (32.4)
0.048
Laboratory tests
HGB, g/dl
n = 3615
n = 2268
n = 1347
0.091
Mean (SD)
13.4 (1.7)
13.4 (1.7)
13.3 (1.7)
Median (IQR)
13.5 (2.2)
13.5 (2.3)
13.4 (2.1)
PLT, 103/ul
n = 3594
n = 2255
n = 1339
<0.001
Mean (SD)
210.6 (72.8)
215.3 (75.5)
202.6 (67.1)
Median (IQR)
200.0 (78.0)
205.0 (78.0)
193.0 (74.0)
Creatinine, mg/dl
n = 3668
n = 2304
n = 1364
<0.001
Mean (SD)
1.3 (0.4)
1.2 (0.3)
1.3 (0.5)
Median (IQR)
1.2 (0.4)
1.2 (0.3)
1.2 (0.4)
eGFR, 60 ml/min/1.73 m2
n = 3679
n = 2311
n = 1368
<0.001
Mean (SD)
54.8 (16.3)
55.8 (16.1)
53.3 (16.4)
Median (IQR)
54.2 (21.1)
55.1 (21.3)
52.7 (20.7)
eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n (%)
2355 (64.0)
1442 (62.4)
913 (67.1)
0.008
Echocardiography
LA, mm
n = 2667
n = 1664
n = 1003
<0.001
Mean (SD)
47.1 (7.7)
46.1 (7.3)
48.8 (8.1)
Median (IQR)
46.0 (10.0)
45.0 (9.0)
48.0 (10.0)
LVDD, mm
n = 2680
n = 1676
n = 1004
<0.001
Mean (SD)
53.1 (8.7)
52.3 (8.4)
54.4 (9.0)
Median (IQR)
52.0 (11.0)
51.0 (10.0)
53.0 (11.0)
LVEF, n (%)
n = 2704
n = 1688
n = 1016
<0.001
Mean (SD)
48.2 (17.1)
49.5 (18.8)
46.1 (13.7)
Median (IQR)
50.0 (20.0)
52.0 (18.0)
50.0 (19.0)
Antiplatelet drug/drugs, n (%)
275 (7.5)
142 (6.1)
133 (9.7)
<0.001
Data are presented as number (percentage) or mean (standard deviation) (SD) or median (interquartile range) (IQR). AF: atrial fibrillation; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HGB: hemoglobin concentration; LA: left atrium; LVDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dysfunction; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NOAC: non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; OAC: oral anticoagulation therapy; PLT: platelet count; TIA: transient ischemic attack; and VKA: vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants.
