TMAO-Activated Hepatocyte-Derived Exosomes Are Widely Distributed in Mice with Different Patterns and Promote Vascular Inflammation

Figure 3

Isolation and identification of Exos. (a) Nanovesicles with a cup-shaped morphology and a typical size around 100 nm were isolated and purified from the cell culture supernatant. Bar: 100 nm. (b) The size distribution of the Exos showed no significant difference between control-Exos and TMAO-Exos. (c) Exosomal markers of CD9 and TSG101 were enriched in Exos groups, and the negative marker of calnexin was detected only in the whole cell lysate.

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