Childhood Neglect rather than Abuse Is More Strongly Associated with Anhedonia across Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients and University Students

Table 1

Demographical and psychological variables in MDD and OCD patients and university students.

Variables	MDD ()	OCD ()	University students ()
Age	16-49, 22.45 (5.64)	14-43, 22.63 (5.42)	17-28, 19.79 (1.26)
Gender (female, %)	211, 69.2%	69, 45.4%	1118, 53%
Education years	13.79 (2.47)	13.93 (2.56)	12.94 (1.01)
Medicated (%)	89, 29.2%	53, 34.9%	—
SAI	58.83 (10.47)	43.76 (6.55)	38.72 (9.91)
TAI	61.68 (7.76)	48.30 (6.08)	41.28 (9.37)
BDI	30.15 (9.48)	21.69 (10.08)	8.55 (6.96)
PSS	36.63 (5.54)	21.32 (4.20)	15.22 (5.90)
Y-BOCS	—	20.43 (6.22)	—
TEPS_ANT	35.49 (9.39)	41.34 (8.06)	44.43 (8.12)
TEPS_CON	30.51 (8.01)	32.94 (7.38)	37.10 (7.44)
PAS	30.00 (11.00)	25.40 (11.20)	16.12 (7.57)
PAS (yes, %)	221, 72.5%	74, 48.7%	367, 17.4%
SAS	21.29 (6.90)	18.20 (8.74)	11.08 (5.94)
SAS (yes, %)	226, 74.1%	72, 47.4%	322, 15.3%
SHAPS^a	33.70 (5.73)	32.06 (5.61)	24.07 (5.91)
SHAPS^a (yes, %)	85, 82.5%	44, 65.7%	418, 19.8%
CTQ; with CT, %	48.07 (12.82); 213, 69.8%	43.61 (10.40); 100, 65.8%	35.02 (8.05); 709, 33.6%
Neglect; with neglect, %	24.79 (7.46); 191, 62.6%	21.88 (6.26); 84, 55.3%	17.48 (5.73); 632, 30.0%
Abuse; with abuse, %	23.28 (7.37); 118, 38.7%	21.73 (6.36); 50, 32.9%	17.54 (3.64); 190, 9.00%
Only neglect, %	95, 31.1%	50, 32.9%	519, 24.6%
Only abuse, %	22, 7.2%	16, 10.5%	77, 3.6%
Mixed	96, 31.5%	34, 22.4%	113, 5.4%
EN; with EN, %	14.89 (5.03); 169, 55.4%	12.80 (4.54); 53, 34.9%	9.55 (3.86); 235, 11.1%
PN; with PN, %	9.89 (3.35); 119, 39.0%	9.09 (2.82); 62, 40.8%	7.93 (2.79); 545, 25.8%
EA; with EA, %	10.09 (4.24); 79, 25.9%	9.03 (3.77); 28, 18.4%	6.52 (2.00); 47, 2.2%
PA; with PA, %	7.16 (3.16); 53, 17.4%	6.64 (2.57); 20, 13.1%	5.62 (1.58); 73, 3.5%
SA; with SA, %	6.02 (2.14); 46, 15.1%	6.06 (2.20); 20, 13.1%	5.40 (1.25); 108, 5.1%
CT_number
1, %	69, 22.6%	46, 30.3%	502, 23.8%
2, %	68, 22.3%	33, 21.7%	141, 6.7%
3, %	45, 14.8%	17, 11.2%	43, 2.0%
4, %	25, 8.2%	4, 2.6%	20, 0.9%
5, %	6, 2.0%	0	3, 0.1%

^aSample sizes in MDD and OCD with SHAPS were 103 and 67. OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; MDD: major depression disorder; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; Y-BOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; TEPS_ANT: anticipatory pleasure subscale of Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale; TEPS_CON: consummatory pleasure subscale of TEPS; PAS: Physical Anhedonia Scale; SAS: Social Anhedonia Scale; SHAPS: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; EN: emotional neglect; PN: physical neglect; EA: emotional abuse; PA: physical abuse; SA: sexual abuse; CT: childhood trauma.