Change in Negative Affective Bias following a Single Ketamine Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Table 1

Participant demographic and clinical information.

Variable	Control; M (SD)	Midazolam; M (SD)	Ketamine; M (SD)
Gender (male : female)	18 : 5	9 : 2	8 : 2	.06	.97
Age	48.4 (13.7)	49.1 (14.1)	44.7 (10.3)	.04	.70
Years of education	18.0 (4.0)	17.2 (5.1)	15.6 (3.4)	1.11	.34
Duration of current episode (months)	—	60.4 (61.9)	40.2 (16.0)
Antidepressants (yes : no)	—	11 : 0	8 : 2
DASS-21 Depression
Pre	5.1 (4.1)	34.4 (6.0)^a	36.6 (6.7)
Post	—	30.2 (6.4)^a	25.0 (8.9)
DASS-21 Anxiety
Pre	3.57 (4.6)	7.4 (10.1)^a	9.4 (11.0)
Post	—	6.2 (8.1)^a	4.0 (5.8)
DASS-21 Stress
Pre	7.3 (5.2)	18.0 (9.4)^a	17.6 (8.9)
Post	—	18.2 (9.1)^a	12.6 (8.4)
DASS-21 Total
Pre	16.0 (12.0)	59.8 (18.5)^a	65.6 (22.3)
Post	—	54.6 (14.6)^a	41.20 (11.9)
MADRS
Pre	—	31.8 (5.3)	29.6 (4.1)

Abbreviations: DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; MADRS: Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. ^a.