Advances in Zebrafish as a Comprehensive Model of Mental Disorders

Figure 11

ALS disease pathology at the cell level and different mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration. (A) RNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. (B) Motor neuron degeneration, including axonal contraction and cell body loss of upper and lower motor neurons, and surrounding astrogliosis and microgliosis are the main pathological features of ALS. Changes in RNA metabolism, such as dysfunctions of transcription and splicing defects. (C) The continuous accumulation of TDP-43, FUS, SOD1, and DPRs results in impaired protein balance. (D) Impaired DNA repair. (E) Increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. (F) Dysfunction and degeneration of oligodendrocyte, damage neurons. (G) Generation of neuroinflammation. (H) Abnormal axonal transport. (I) Defective vesicular transport. (J) Excitotoxicity. Reproduced with permission from [350].